Will I Be Tried in State or Federal Court?

Are you facing criminal charges? It helps to know which court system you will be tried in before your initial hearing. State and federal court are the two primary court systems in which all other courts fit under. Between the two, there are several key differences that distinguish one court from the other. Continue reading to learn more.

Federal Court Lawyer Indianapolis Indiana 317-636-7514
Federal Court Lawyer Indianapolis Indiana 317-636-7514

State Court System Versus Federal Court System

Establishment

The first difference between the two justice systems is their source of establishment. State courts are established by the state or local government. Under state-established courts, local courts are also recognized by cities, counties, and additional municipalities. In contrast, federal court systems are nationally established by the United States Constitution. Under this establishment, the cases that are contested involve the U.S. Constitution, national offenses and laws passed by congress.

Jurisdiction

Another primary difference between the two court systems is jurisdiction, or authority to rule on a case. The types of cases the two courts are permitted to oversee depend on their particular jurisdiction, which can vary depending on several factors. State courts, for instance, have a broad range of jurisdiction, and generally hear numerous types of state-level infringements like traffic violations, minor drug possession, theft, breach of contracts, domestic violence, custody disputes, and various other types of state-level cases and misdemeanor offenses.

Federal courts, on the other hand, only hear cases that involve crimes in violation of the United States Constitution or laws passed by Congress. These are generally more serious cases and felony offenses, such as sex crimes, drug trafficking, white collar crimes, aggravated or violent crimes, bankruptcy, copyright or patent infringements, maritime law cases, and lawsuits against the United States. Federal authority applies to the entire nation, including all 50 states and the District of Columbia, as well as the U.S. territories.

State courts are not allowed to rule on federal-level cases. However, although it is rare, it is possible for both court systems to have jurisdiction in a case. Similarly, federal courts may be permitted to rule on cases involving state laws if the dispute is about a state law potentially violating the Constitution.

Here is an example to better understand which crimes will fall under which category:

If a person robs a bank, they may be tried under state or federal law depending on how the reserves are insured. There are not very many federal laws about bank robbery, so most are tried at a state level. However, if the bank’s reserves are insured by a federal agency, the robber would face felony charges in the federal court system.

Are you looking for a skilled criminal defense lawyer who can fight your Indiana or Federal criminal charges? Contact the Law Office of David E. Lewis at 317-636-7514 to schedule a meeting with our experienced Indianapolis criminal defense law firm. We can hold meetings over the phone or in person at our Indy-based office.

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Frequently Asked Questions About State and Federal Crimes

There are two main levels of judicial court in the United States: Federal and State. Although the two courts are much different from one another, there are several key similarities too. If you are currently facing criminal charges, you need to know what state and federal court does, and how it might impact your case. Below, you will learn some fundamental information about state and federal offenses, including how to avoid the maximum penalties for your misdemeanor or felony charges.

Criminal Defense Law Firm 317-636-7514
Criminal Defense Law Firm 317-636-7514

How Does Federal Court Differ From State Court?

State courts are established by the state, and may include local courts as well. Local courts are usually established by individual cities, counties, townships, or other types of common municipalities. They adjudicate cases that involve crimes that break laws set and enforced by the state (also known as state laws). In contrast, federal courts are established under the United States Constitution, and adjudicate cases that involve crimes that break laws passed by Congress.

What are Federal and State Crimes?

Federal crimes are more serious than state crimes, and generally come with heftier fines and penalties, including jail time. In fact, a felony crime is one that is punishable by up to one year in a federal prison. Felonies are divided into 7 categories in Indiana: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4, Level 5, Level 6, and Murder. Each level of felony is assigned a separate statute regarding penalization.

State crimes are those that break laws set by and enforced by the state. They are referred to as “misdemeanors”, which are lesser offenses compared to felonies, but still serious crimes that come with harsh penalties and life-long consequences. Misdemeanors are divided into three “classes”, from most serious to least serious: Class A Misdemeanors, Class B Misdemeanors, and Class C Misdemeanors.

What are Some Common Types of Federal Offenses?

Federal offenses are very serious. Some common examples include arson, bank fraud, healthcare fraud, mail fraud, car theft, identify theft, carjacking, kidnapping, civil rights offenses, drug trafficking, drug dealing, armed robbery, firearms offenses, assault and battery, sexual assault, child molestation, hate crimes, homicide, and murder.

Should I Hire an Attorney to Represent My Criminal Case?

The best step you can take toward securing your rights and protecting your freedoms when charged with a crime is to hire a licensed criminal defense lawyer to represent your case, whether you are facing a felony or misdemeanor conviction. Without the representation of a skilled criminal attorney, you greatly risk being sentenced to the maximum levels of punishment for your crime. That includes doing time in jail, which can greatly affect your employment, schooling, childcare, and more.

Where to Get Trusted Criminal Defense in Indiana

Call the Law Office of David E. Lewis at 317-636-7514 to learn how you can beat your Indiana criminal charges with aggressive defense. Attorney David E. Lewis is your solution to reducing your sentence, and protecting your freedom. If you want to avoid the maximum penalties for your criminal charges, it is important to let our skilled legal teams build an impactful defense that will sway the decision of the courts. Our Indianapolis criminal defense law firm offers free initial consultations, so you do not have to pay anything to simply talk to a lawyer and get advice on how to approach your charges. Call 317-636-7514 to schedule your online, over-the-phone, or in-office appointment, today.

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