What Does a Lawyer Do at a Preliminary Hearing?

When a person is arrested, the first court hearing they will have regarding their charges is called an arraignment, or first appearance. This hearing is usually held within 24 to 48 hours of the arrest, and generally takes place while the defendant is still detained in jail. The purpose of an arraignment is for a judge to explain the criminal charges to the defendant, allow the defendant to plea if they choose to, determine if they are eligible for bail or not, and assign a public defender to their case if they have not already hired a lawyer by this time. Once the defendant is bailed out of jail, another hearing is scheduled, which is often confused with arraignments. This following hearing is called an initial hearing, or preliminary hearing.

Continue reading to learn more about the facts surrounding preliminary hearings, including a defense lawyer’s role in it all.

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What to Expect at a Preliminary Hearing

A preliminary hearing is typically scheduled within 20 to 30 days of an arrest, and only lasts a couple of hours. It takes place in an open court with a judge, prosecuting attorney, and the defendant’s attorney in attendance. During this hearing, a judge determines whether or not the Prosecutor has enough probable cause to move forward with the criminal charges against a defendant. More or less, a preliminary hearing is an opportunity for the prosecution’s charges to be judicially reviewed and confirmed valid by the magistrate assigned to the case.

So, if this hearing is all about the prosecutor and judge, what does a criminal defense attorney do during this time? The answer is incredibly vital to the outcome of a defendant’s rights, freedoms, and future.

A Criminal Lawyer’s Role at an Initial Hearing

At the preliminary hearing, a criminal defense lawyer is already prepared to fight their client’s criminal charges. By this hearing, they have developed a strong and impactful case (if the defendant has hired a good lawyer, that is) that aims to dismiss, reduce, or further analyze a defendant’s charges prior to going to trial. They make sure that any charges brought against their client are not inadmissible, illegal, or without sufficient probable cause. During a preliminary hearing, a criminal defense lawyer will also work their professional magic by cross-examining witnesses, presenting their own evidence to refute the prosecution’s allegations, and set forth any relevant motions.

Preliminary hearings protect defendants from unjustified, false, or impractical charges by the prosecution. Without a private criminal defense lawyer working your case, you will not get the best possible outcome at your preliminary hearing.

A public defender simply cannot put in the time, attention, and effort into your criminal case like a private attorney can. Their case loads are too massive, and they have handfuls of cases they deal with in court each and every day. When it comes to serious criminal charges that can impact the rest of your life, and your family’s life, you want to hire an attorney, rather than be appointed one by the courts. The cost of a lawyer is worth avoiding jail time, and/or the maximum sentence for your criminal charges.

Indianapolis Indiana Criminal Defense You Can Truly Afford

Call the Law Office of David E. Lewis at 317-636-7514 to schedule a free initial consultation with aggressive Indiana criminal defense lawyer who will stop at nothing to protect your rights and preserve your freedoms. With decades of hands-on experience, you can trust Attorney David E. Lewis to build you a strong and impactful defense against your Indiana criminal charges.

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The 8 Phases of a Criminal Case

In a criminal case, there is standard series of developments you can expect to take place. The first phase always starts with an arrest of some sort, whether as a result of a warrant or an actual physical apprehension. Continue reading to learn the rest of the 8 general steps of a criminal case.

Indianapolis Criminal Defense 317-636-7514

Indianapolis Criminal Defense 317-636-7514

Arrest

As mentioned, interest can take place in many forms. Most often, a defendant is arrested in person by a law enforcement officer; either because they were suspected of committing the crime at the time, or they were stopped for a routine offense and later found to have a warrant out for their arrest. Other times, a defendant is notified of a warrant and must surrender to authorities by being placed under arrest at the jail, and then continuing with the rest of the criminal justice process.

Bail

After defendant is arrested, a presiding judge will decide whether or not they can be granted bail privileges. Most often, a defendant is provided the opportunity to post bail unless they are a repeat offender, or have a history of failing to appear for court hearings. Bail is set using the state’s bail schedule, which categorizes bail amounts in accordance with the severity of crime. There are several options a person can choose to obtain a release from jail through bail. They can pay the entire bail premium amount in cash (or collateral of some sort), and receive the money back when they complete all mandated court orders; or, they can hire a local bail bond agency and pay a nonrefundable fee that is only a mere percentage of their total bail premium. A defendant can also be released on their own recognizance, often referred to as being “OR’d” from jail. Under this circumstance, a defendant does not need to pay bail, but is still required to appear for all of their court hearings.

Arraignment

A defendant’s first court appearance is called an arraignment. During an arraignment, a judge will read a defendant’s criminal charges, and then gives the defendant an opportunity to plead “guilty” or “not guilty” to those criminal charges. Sometimes, bail is also discussed. Also during an arraignment, future court hearings will be scheduled and arranged.

Preliminary Hearing

Most often, the government brings criminal charges against a defendant in one of two ways. For minor to moderate charges, a bill of information is secured during a defendant’s preliminary hearing (also known as preliminary examination). For more serious charges, especially federal offenses, the government may use a grand jury indictment to bring criminal charges against the defendant. This is common with more serious offenses, such as white-collar crimes and murder. In fact, all federal offenses must be brought by a grand jury indictment. Both such hearings take place for the purpose of establishing the existence of probable cause. The prosecuting and defense attorneys will question witnesses and makes arguments at this time, but if probable cause is not found, the case will be dismissed entirely.

Pre-Trial Motions

If probable cause is found, a defendant will be forced to stand trial. This starts at the pretrial motion, which is brought forth by both parties. During a pretrial motion, any issues remaining from the preliminary hearing or indictment will be resolved and finalized, and all evidence and testimony that will be admissible at trial is verified.

Trial

Trial is one of the most important court hearings because it is the hearing in which the defendant learns if they are found guilty or not guilty for the criminal charges brought against them by the prosecution. At this particular hearing, the prosecution holds the burden of proving that the defendant is guilty of the criminal charges “beyond a reasonable doubt.” Once all arguments and witness testimonies are complete, the jury must come to a unanimous verdict that decides whether or not the defendant is guilty or innocent. If the jury cannot come to unanimous verdict, the presiding judge will declare the trial a mistrial. In this case, the trial is either dismissed or a new jury is chosen. If the defendant is found guilty, the court will then sentence them.

Sentencing

The sentencing segment of a criminal case can take place separately from the trial, or at the same time as the trial. During sentencing, the judge will hand down the penalties for the criminal charges committed by the defendant. In order to determine the proper penalty for defendant, courts will consider various factors, including criminal history, mental health, personal circumstances, and even a defendant’s degree of remorse.

Appeal

After a trial takes place, a defendant has the option of appealing their conviction. This takes place in appellate court, and usually a certified appellate attorney is hired for the job. However, defendants may also use their existing criminal defense attorney to file their appeal with a higher court.

Keep in mind that these basic stages can vary from case to case depending on a wide range of influential factors, including whether or not a defendant chooses to enter into a plea bargain. It is best to discuss your criminal defense with a licensed and trusted Indianapolis criminal defense attorney in your area in order to avoid the maximum penalties for your criminal charges.

How to Get Started on Your Defense

David E. Lewis Attorney at Law

David E. Lewis Attorney at Law 317-636-7514

Call the Law Office of David E. Lewis at 317-636-7514 to schedule a free initial consultation and case evaluation. During this meeting, which is free of charge, you have the opportunity to sit down with Attorney David E. Lewis and discuss your Indiana criminal charges and the best strategies for your defense. Call as soon as today!