Will I Be Tried in State or Federal Court?

Are you facing criminal charges? It helps to know which court system you will be tried in before your initial hearing. State and federal court are the two primary court systems in which all other courts fit under. Between the two, there are several key differences that distinguish one court from the other. Continue reading to learn more.

Federal Court Lawyer Indianapolis Indiana 317-636-7514
Federal Court Lawyer Indianapolis Indiana 317-636-7514

State Court System Versus Federal Court System

Establishment

The first difference between the two justice systems is their source of establishment. State courts are established by the state or local government. Under state-established courts, local courts are also recognized by cities, counties, and additional municipalities. In contrast, federal court systems are nationally established by the United States Constitution. Under this establishment, the cases that are contested involve the U.S. Constitution, national offenses and laws passed by congress.

Jurisdiction

Another primary difference between the two court systems is jurisdiction, or authority to rule on a case. The types of cases the two courts are permitted to oversee depend on their particular jurisdiction, which can vary depending on several factors. State courts, for instance, have a broad range of jurisdiction, and generally hear numerous types of state-level infringements like traffic violations, minor drug possession, theft, breach of contracts, domestic violence, custody disputes, and various other types of state-level cases and misdemeanor offenses.

Federal courts, on the other hand, only hear cases that involve crimes in violation of the United States Constitution or laws passed by Congress. These are generally more serious cases and felony offenses, such as sex crimes, drug trafficking, white collar crimes, aggravated or violent crimes, bankruptcy, copyright or patent infringements, maritime law cases, and lawsuits against the United States. Federal authority applies to the entire nation, including all 50 states and the District of Columbia, as well as the U.S. territories.

State courts are not allowed to rule on federal-level cases. However, although it is rare, it is possible for both court systems to have jurisdiction in a case. Similarly, federal courts may be permitted to rule on cases involving state laws if the dispute is about a state law potentially violating the Constitution.

Here is an example to better understand which crimes will fall under which category:

If a person robs a bank, they may be tried under state or federal law depending on how the reserves are insured. There are not very many federal laws about bank robbery, so most are tried at a state level. However, if the bank’s reserves are insured by a federal agency, the robber would face felony charges in the federal court system.

Are you looking for a skilled criminal defense lawyer who can fight your Indiana or Federal criminal charges? Contact the Law Office of David E. Lewis at 317-636-7514 to schedule a meeting with our experienced Indianapolis criminal defense law firm. We can hold meetings over the phone or in person at our Indy-based office.

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Who Creates the Law?

When it comes to law creation, it all starts with the United States Congress. They create and pass “bills”, which the President of the Unites States must sign to make it into law. However, not all bills signed into law are created equal. The federal court system can challenge these bills, and even have laws overturned, if they deem them unconstitutional. This has happened several times in our country’s history, most recently, in California regarding same-sex marriages.

Federal Crime Defense 317-636-7514

Federal Crime Defense 317-636-7514

State Law

As for state law, a similar process ensues, but it ensues on a state level, versus a federal one. Rather than congress, it is the state legislatures that create and pass on bills, which may or may not turn into state law. And rather than the U.S. President signing off on them, it is the state Governor instead. Similarly, however, state courts have the jurisdiction to review such bills and laws, and even have them overturned if they challenge or contradict the U.S. Constitution.

Judicial Hierarchy

When it comes to pecking order, judicial hierarchy starts with the federal court system, which includes district courts, circuit courts, and the Supreme Court. There are 94 district courts within the federal court system. These are trial courts that handle both civil and criminal cases. The federal court system also includes 12 court of appeals, also known as circuit and appellate courts. Appellate courts are in place to review the rulings of trial courts, which means they actually have more judicial influence than district courts.

The Supreme Court is the federal court that has ultimate power over all rulings within the United States judicial system. As the only court that was established by the Constitution, it has the power to judge whether federal, state, and local governments are acting within law, and can even decide if the President’s actions are constitutional or not. Mostly, the Supreme Court generally handles cases of National importance.

When They Conflict

There are several examples in which state and federal law conflict with one another, like in the case of medicinal and recreational marijuana usage, same-sex marriage, and even seat belt laws. Here are some possible scenarios:

❖ If state law provides a defendant with more privileges than federal law, state law will legally presume in that state. For example, if a person lives in a state in which medical marijuana is legal on a state level, but illegal on a federal level, the state law will prevail because it gives citizens more civil rights.

❖ In contrast, if state law allows for something that the federal law explicitly prohibits, such as possession of marijuana, the federal law will prevail in court cases.

❖ Also, if a state enforces more accountability on its residents than the federal law does, the state law will presume. This is common in regards to state and federal seat belt laws.

An Indianapolis Criminal Defense Attorney You Can Trust

David E. Lewis Attorney at Law

David E. Lewis Attorney at Law 317-636-7514

Call Attorney David E. Lewis at 317-636-7514 to schedule a free initial consultation to discuss your criminal charges with a seasoned Indianapolis criminal defense attorney you can trust. We work around the clock to ensure your rights are protected and your freedoms are preserved. You can avoid the maximum penalties for your charges with our aggressive legal representation! Call 317-636-7514 to get started, today.