Tag Archives: criminal law

FAQS About Felonies, Misdemeanors, and Infractions

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Whether on a state or federal level, all crimes fall under one of three categories of offenses. Each category differs in severity of crime, level of punishments, and much more. We are talking about felonies, misdemeanors, and infractions. Regardless of the particular legal matter you are facing at the moment, it is in your best interest to educate yourself on what your charges mean, and what’s at stake in terms of your freedom.

Continue below to review some of the most frequently asked questions and answers about these 3 categories of offenses, and what you should do if you were just arrested for a crime.

Indianapolis Criminal Defense Law Firm 317-636-7514
Indianapolis Criminal Defense Law Firm 317-636-7514

What is a Felony?

A felony is any crime on a federal level that is punishable by more than 1 year in jail, and up to $10,000 in fines, but can also include a long list of additional penalties. Level 6 felonies are the least serious of all felonies, while Level 1 and 2 felonies are the most serious of felonies, with the exception of murder, which tops the list of serious offenses and sits in its own category.

What is a Misdemeanor?

A misdemeanor is a step down from a felony in terms of seriousness, but nonetheless, still very serious. They are state-level crimes that are divided into three “classes”, from most serious to least serious: Class A Misdemeanors, Class B Misdemeanors, and Class C Misdemeanors. Misdemeanors are punishable by up to $10,000 in fines, and up to 1 year, so those convicted will not be sentenced to longer than 12 months in jail.

What is an Infraction?

Infractions are the lowest level of crimes among the three categories. Therefore, they are the least serious and come with less severe penalties. Most often, infractions are penalized in the form of fines, which can range in price depending on several factors, mainly the subject matter of the offense. Examples of common infractions including parking and speeding tickets. In some states, infractions are not even adjudicated in criminal court, and instead, considered a civil matter.

What is a Wobbler?

A wobbler is an offense that is on the border of two categories of crimes. For instance, a Class C misdemeanor can wobble on the border of an infraction, and often times, is reduced to such. The same applies to Level 6 felonies, which can be reduced to a Class A misdemeanor, therefore, making it a “wobbler,”

Do I Need a Lawyer for an Infraction?

Often times, infractions can simply be paid off at the courthouse or local county clerks’ office. For this reason, there is usually not a need for professional counsel. Unless you are facing several infractions at once, or your infractions are false accusations, you likely do not need to hire a lawyer. You can, however, still seek out professional advice from a lawyer before managing your infractions.

What are the Penalties for a Felony Conviction?

Level 1 and 2 levels are punishable by up to 30 years or more, depending on the variables of the offense. Level 6 felonies are punishable by up to 3 years in prison and up to $10,000 in fines. Additional penalties include parole, probation, community service, rehabilitation, community victim panels, and more.

What are the Penalties for a Misdemeanor Conviction?

Misdemeanors are punishable by up to 1 year in county jail and up to $10,000 in fines. They are commonly ordered with additional penalties, including probation, community service, restitution, victim impact panels, rehab, drug and alcohol classes, and more.

Where to Get Trusted Criminal Defense in Indianapolis, Indiana

Call the Law Office of David E. Lewis at 317-636-7514 to schedule a free initial consultation with aggressive Indiana criminal defense lawyer who will stop at nothing to protect your rights and preserve your freedoms. With decades of hands-on experience, you can trust Attorney David E. Lewis to build you a strong and impactful defense against your Indiana criminal charges.

Indianapolis Criminal Defense 317-636-7514
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Frequently Asked Questions About State and Federal Crimes

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There are two main levels of judicial court in the United States: Federal and State. Although the two courts are much different from one another, there are several key similarities too. If you are currently facing criminal charges, you need to know what state and federal court does, and how it might impact your case. Below, you will learn some fundamental information about state and federal offenses, including how to avoid the maximum penalties for your misdemeanor or felony charges.

Criminal Defense Law Firm 317-636-7514
Criminal Defense Law Firm 317-636-7514

How Does Federal Court Differ From State Court?

State courts are established by the state, and may include local courts as well. Local courts are usually established by individual cities, counties, townships, or other types of common municipalities. They adjudicate cases that involve crimes that break laws set and enforced by the state (also known as state laws). In contrast, federal courts are established under the United States Constitution, and adjudicate cases that involve crimes that break laws passed by Congress.

What are Federal and State Crimes?

Federal crimes are more serious than state crimes, and generally come with heftier fines and penalties, including jail time. In fact, a felony crime is one that is punishable by up to one year in a federal prison. Felonies are divided into 7 categories in Indiana: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4, Level 5, Level 6, and Murder. Each level of felony is assigned a separate statute regarding penalization.

State crimes are those that break laws set by and enforced by the state. They are referred to as “misdemeanors”, which are lesser offenses compared to felonies, but still serious crimes that come with harsh penalties and life-long consequences. Misdemeanors are divided into three “classes”, from most serious to least serious: Class A Misdemeanors, Class B Misdemeanors, and Class C Misdemeanors.

What are Some Common Types of Federal Offenses?

Federal offenses are very serious. Some common examples include arson, bank fraud, healthcare fraud, mail fraud, car theft, identify theft, carjacking, kidnapping, civil rights offenses, drug trafficking, drug dealing, armed robbery, firearms offenses, assault and battery, sexual assault, child molestation, hate crimes, homicide, and murder.

Should I Hire an Attorney to Represent My Criminal Case?

The best step you can take toward securing your rights and protecting your freedoms when charged with a crime is to hire a licensed criminal defense lawyer to represent your case, whether you are facing a felony or misdemeanor conviction. Without the representation of a skilled criminal attorney, you greatly risk being sentenced to the maximum levels of punishment for your crime. That includes doing time in jail, which can greatly affect your employment, schooling, childcare, and more.

Where to Get Trusted Criminal Defense in Indiana

Call the Law Office of David E. Lewis at 317-636-7514 to learn how you can beat your Indiana criminal charges with aggressive defense. Attorney David E. Lewis is your solution to reducing your sentence, and protecting your freedom. If you want to avoid the maximum penalties for your criminal charges, it is important to let our skilled legal teams build an impactful defense that will sway the decision of the courts. Our Indianapolis criminal defense law firm offers free initial consultations, so you do not have to pay anything to simply talk to a lawyer and get advice on how to approach your charges. Call 317-636-7514 to schedule your online, over-the-phone, or in-office appointment, today.

Indianapolis Criminal Defense 317-636-7514
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Indiana Incarceration Times for Misdemeanor and Felony Convictions

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Your first priority after being charged with a crime is to contact a lawyer and schedule a consultation to discuss your case and learn your rights. This consultation will also help you understand how to protect yourself during the criminal law process. Additionally, your next priority, aside from obeying the law, is to learn as much as you can about your potential charges. Some criminal convictions come with a sentence of jail time, while others do not.

Continue reading to learn what the current incarceration schedule is for all misdemeanor and felony convictions.

Criminal Defense Law Firm 317-636-7514
Criminal Defense Law Firm 317-636-7514

Factors that Impact the Probability of Incarceration

There are several factors that determine whether or not an offender will be sentenced to jail time after being convicted of a crime. The most impactful factors are the severity of the crime, the offender’s criminal history, and whether or not the offender is a threat to themselves or the surrounding community. See our blog, “Factors That Affect Jail Sentences” to learn more about what might influence a judge or jury to recommend incarceration. These same factors, and more, will also influence the type of jail or prison an offender will be sent to, following a conviction of incarceration.

Incarceration Sentencing Statutes for Indiana

Murder → 45 Years in Jail – Death

Level 1 Felony → 20 – 40 Years in Jail

Level 2 Felony → 10 – 30 Years in Jail

Level 3 Felony → 3-16 Years in Jail

Level 4 Felony → 2 – 12 Years in Jail

Level 5 Felony → 1 – 6 Years in Jail

Level 6 Felony → 6 Months – 2.5 Years

Class A Misdemeanor → 0 – 1 Year in Jail         

Class B Misdemeanor → 0 – 3 Years in Jail         

Class C Misdemeanor → 0 – 30 Days in Jail

If you were just charged with a crime, take comfort in the knowing that there is a skilled criminal defense attorney nearby, ready to fight for your rights!

Where to Get Legal Advice For Your Indiana Criminal Charges

Call 317-636-7514 to schedule a consultation with aggressive criminal defense attorney, David E. Lewis regarding your felony crimes. He will stop at nothing to protect your rights and preserve your freedoms after being charged with invasion of privacy in Indianapolis. With decades of hands-on experience, you can trust Attorney David E. Lewis to build you a strong and impactful defense against your criminal charges.        

Indianapolis Criminal Defense 317-636-7514
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The Importance of Witness Depositions in a Criminal Case

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One of the most important strategies to be skilled at as a criminal defense attorney is attacking the prosecution’s case against their client. After all, the whole purpose of hiring a private defense lawyer is to avoid the maximum charges and penalties. One way a skilled criminal defense lawyer will do this is through witness depositions. As someone facing criminal charges, you might not think twice about the influence and effect of your case’s depositions. But the truth is, they are vital to the overall protection of your rights and preservation of your freedoms.

Continue reading to learn some facts about depositions, including why they are so important in a criminal case.

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Deposition Lawyer 317-636-7514 Indianapolis Indiana

Testimonial Evidence

There are two main types of evidence submitted in a criminal defense case, both of which are equally important: physical evidence or testimonial evidence. During the discovery process, the state submits all evidence they intend to use against the defendant. This evidence can be either physical, testimonial, or both. However, often times the state lacks sufficient physical evidence, and therefore, heavily relies on any eyewitness testimony they can get their hands on. For this reason, witness depositions are very critical to the defense’s case as well.

Witness Depositions

Depositions are witness statements given under oath; the same oath anyone would take at trial or before taking the stand in court. It is a legally-binding oath that can render legal consequences if broken. Anyone who lies under oath commits the crime of perjury, which can be charged as a felony offense. Most often, depositions take place in a conference room, rather than a courtroom. Parties present during a deposition include the defense lawyer, the eyewitness, the prosecutor, and a court reporter.

Criminal defense attorneys want to make sure that the witness is credible, and will do so by conducting a series of questions during the deposition. Not only does this give a criminal defense lawyer insight on how the eyewitness might behave on the stand, it also allows them to learn the subject matter of their testimony, which in turns gives them a head start on developing a defense to attack the credibility of the witness at trial.

Credibility in Court

When an eyewitness takes the stand, their statements are not the final word. Judges and juries must find that the witness is credible, and will do so by considering various factors, such as:

✏ Their behaviors while testifying.
✏ Their relationship with the involved parties.
✏ Their personal interests, biased opinions, or prejudices.
✏ Their ability and opportunity to witness the crime.
✏ Their overall knowledge, maturity, and life experience.

Are you preparing to be a witness at trial? Read our blog, “Proper Conduct for a Trial Witness” to learn what you need to know.

Where to Get Trusted Criminal Defense in Indiana

Call the Law Office of David E. Lewis at 317-636-7514 to schedule a free initial consultation with aggressive Indiana criminal defense lawyer who will stop at nothing to protect your rights and preserve your freedoms. With decades of hands-on experience, you can trust Attorney David E. Lewis to build you a strong and impactful defense against your Indiana criminal charges.

Indianapolis Criminal Defense 317-636-7514
Schedule a Free Consultation Today!

What is Probable Cause?

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Criminal Defense Law Firm 317-636-7514

Criminal Defense Law Firm 317-636-7514

In the criminal law world, the term “probable cause” is heard often. Perhaps you have heard it in crime movies or police shows as well, but have never really understood its meaning. Well today, we will discuss the meaning of probable cause in the criminal justice world, and how it can play a role in a person’s criminal charge and subsequent conviction. Use this information to protect yourself from an arrest in the future.

A Legal Standard

There are several factors that influence an officer’s level of authority in a situation, but probable cause is one that plays a major role. Probable cause is a legal requirement that must be present or met in order for a police officer to make an arrest, conduct a search (personal or property), or obtain a warrant. Probable cause is facts or evidence surrounding a situation that would lead a “reasonable” person to believe a suspect has committed a crime. Indiana Code § 35-33-1-1 fully-outlines the details of this legal standard.

Examples of Probable Cause

The most common examples of probable cause start with our senses. If a police officer sees, hears, or smells anything that is a sign of a particular crime, they may use it as probable cause. For instance, if a police officer stops a vehicle for a routine traffic violation, perhaps a burnt-out tail light, they can proceed with an investigation if they see an open alcoholic container in the driver’s cup holder. In the same scenario, if the officer smells a strong scent of marijuana or other drug, they can also use that evidence as probable cause to search the vehicle.

In another example, if a tells the police officer that they had a few drinks at the bar, the cop could use that information as probable cause to breath test or implement a field sobriety test. Scenarios that are not considered probable cause include speeding, broken taillights, expired vehicle registration, loosened or crooked license plate, and other routine traffic violations. Also, in order for a police officer to search your private property, they must have a search warrant. However, police do not need a search warrant to search your vehicle if they have sufficient probable cause to do so.

Indianapolis Criminal Defense

David E. Lewis Criminal Defense Attorney

David E. Lewis Attorney at Law 317-636-7514

Call David E. Lewis, Attorney at Law, at 317-636-7514 if you are facing criminal charges in Indianapolis, Indiana or its surrounding counties. He provides aggressive criminal defense, and will fight for your rights, and stop at nothing to protect your freedoms. Call 317-636-7514 to schedule a free initial consultation today.

Types of Specialized Criminal Courts in Indiana

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Indianapolis Criminal Defense 317-636-7514

Indianapolis Criminal Defense 317-636-7514

In Indiana, there are two primary types of court cases, civil and criminal. Most civil cases involve a plaintiff suing for restitution or compensation. Common examples are divorce and child custody cases. In contrast, criminal cases involve enforcing laws and seeking punishment for crimes committed. In civil cases, a person is seeking money, but in criminal cases, the party pressing charges is seeking punishment.

The government, or state, is generally the party that brings criminal charges against a person. Once this happens, the person will go to court to stand trial on the charges. There are three main categories of criminal court, all of which deal with different types of criminal cases. Continue reading to learn about the types of specialized criminal courts in Indiana.

Indiana Criminal Courts

The three main types of specialized criminal courts include major felony, misdemeanor, and juvenile court. Each court system deals with the specific charges and penalties under their category. However, this can also depend on the county in which your crimes originated. And in some cases, minors are tried as adults in felony or misdemeanor court if their crimes are severe. Take a closer look at each type of specialized court system in Indiana:

Felony Court – If a person is charged with a major felony, they will stand trial in an Indiana felony court. A major felony can be anywhere between a Level 5 and a Level 2 felony crime, as well as, murder. However, a major felony may be considered any level felony depending on the county in which the crimes originated. A felony is any crime that is punishable by 1 year or more in jail. For example, if Jack stole a car, he would be arrested for suspicion of car theft. Next, the state would bring felony theft charges against him and then he would go to felony court to stand trial.

Misdemeanor Court – Misdemeanors are lesser offenses than felonies. A misdemeanor is any crime that is punishable by up to 1 year in jail. Common examples of misdemeanor crimes include shoplifting, public intoxication, driving with a suspended license, and so on. Misdemeanors are classified into three classes, from A to C, depending on the severity of the crime and criminal history. The most serious is a “Class A” misdemeanor. If a person is charged with a misdemeanor, they will stand trial in an Indiana misdemeanor court.

Juvenile Court – If a person is charged with a crime, and they are under 17 years old, they will generally stand trial in an Indiana juvenile court. In the case that a crime is a typical juvenile offense, such as trespassing or petty theft, they will remain in the juvenile court system. However, in the case that the crime committed is a serious or egregious offense, minors may be tried as adults in felony court. It largely depends on the state in which the crimes originated.

Indianapolis Criminal Defense Lawyer

David E. Lewis Criminal Defense Attorney

David E. Lewis Attorney at Law 317-636-7514

Call David E. Lewis, Attorney at Law, at 317-636-7514 when you need an Indianapolis criminal defense lawyer that stops at nothing to protect your rights and preserve your freedoms. With extensive trial and litigation experience, and a drive that never stops, Attorney David E. Lewis will build a strong defense and impactful defense against your Indiana criminal charges. Call 317-636-7514 to schedule a free initial consultation to discuss your case with an experienced criminal defense attorney in Indianapolis, IN.

David E. Lewis Attorney at Law Launches a Brand New Criminal Defense Website!

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Check out our new website that is easy to navigate and full of useful information! Get information regarding all types of criminal charges, as well as, probation violations, warrants, FTA’s, expungement, and much more!

David E. Lewis Attorney at Law

David E. Lewis Attorney at Law 317-636-7514

David E. Lewis is a seasoned criminal defense attorney with more than 25 years of experience practicing criminal law in Indiana. He graduated from Indiana University in 1987 with a degree in Political Science, and was then accepted into Indiana University Law School. While attending law school, David E. Lewis not only worked as a bailiff for Marion County Superior Court III, but also worked in the Marion County Public Defenders’ Office.

Eventually graduating from law school in 1990, Attorney David E. Lewis was ready to hit the ground running! His compassion for those facing criminal charges runs deep, as does his drive to protect their rights and preserve their freedoms. For this reason, he started out working as a Master Commissioner for the Marion County courts, strictly presiding over criminal cases.

Through these years, he was able to gain an extensive amount of knowledge and experience of all sides of the law, making him a strong and effective counselor. From there, he knew he wanted to do more for people in need of compassionate criminal defense. So he began his own criminal defense practice, and over the past two decades, has now helped thousands of Indiana defendants reduce or dismiss their criminal charges. He is an upstanding member of the Indiana Trial Lawyers Association, as well as, the Indianapolis Law Club. He works around the clock for his clients to ensure their rights and freedoms are protected, and that they receive the most favorable outcome possible in court for their particular criminal charges.

David E. Lewis Attorney at Law

David E. Lewis Attorney at Law 317-636-7514

Call his office today at 317-636-7514 to schedule a free initial consultation to discuss your criminal case and learn which strategies are best for your defense. Or visit his new criminal defense website to learn more about his practice. Trust David E. Lewis, Attorney at Law, to keep your best interests in mind when building an impactful defense for your criminal charges.