Category Archives: Criminal Law

Arrested for Harassment in Indianapolis? Here’s What You Need to Know

Posted on by

Facing harassment charges can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re uncertain about your legal rights and the potential consequences ahead. Whether the allegations stem from a misunderstood conversation, workplace dispute, or personal conflict, harassment charges in Indiana carry serious implications that extend far beyond the immediate legal proceedings.

Understanding Indiana’s harassment laws is crucial for anyone navigating these charges. Many people mistakenly believe harassment accusations are minor legal matters that will resolve themselves. This misconception can lead to devastating consequences, including criminal convictions, damaged reputations, and long-term impacts on employment and personal relationships.

If you’ve been arrested for harassment in Indianapolis, taking immediate action to protect your rights is essential. The legal system moves quickly, and early decisions can significantly influence your case’s outcome. This guide will help you understand harassment laws in Indiana, explore potential penalties, and outline the critical steps you should take to defend yourself effectively.

Call 317-636-7514 When You Need a Harassment Defense Lawyer in Indianapolis
Call 317-636-7514 When You Need a Harassment Defense Lawyer in Indianapolis

Understanding Harassment Laws in Indianapolis

Indiana’s harassment laws are comprehensive and cover various behaviors that many people don’t realize constitute criminal offenses. According to Indiana Code 35-45-2-1, harassment occurs when someone, with intent to harass, annoy, or alarm another person, engages in conduct directed toward that person that would cause a reasonable person to feel frightened, threatened, or intimidated.

The legal definition extends beyond physical actions to include verbal communications, written messages, and electronic communications. Under Indiana Code 35-45-2-1(a)(1), harassment involves intent to harass, annoy, or alarm, which means prosecutors must prove you acted with specific intentions rather than accidentally causing distress.

Common scenarios leading to harassment charges in Indianapolis include workplace conflicts that escalate beyond professional disagreements, domestic disputes where emotions run high, and online interactions that cross legal boundaries. Even seemingly minor actions, like prank calls, when repeated or conducted with harassing intent, can result in criminal charges.

Types of Harassment Charges in Indiana

Verbal Harassment

Verbal harassment encompasses threatening language, repeated unwanted communications, and intimidating statements made in person or over the phone. This category often overlaps with intimidation charges when threats are involved.

Physical Harassment

Physical harassment includes unwanted touching, blocking someone’s path, or engaging in physically intimidating behavior. While it doesn’t require actual violence, the threat of physical harm can elevate charges significantly.

Stalking and Continuous Harassment

When harassment involves repeated following, surveillance, or persistent unwanted contact, it may escalate to stalking charges under related Indiana statutes. Stalking carries more severe penalties and often involves protective orders.

Cyberbullying and Online Harassment

Electronic harassment through social media, text messages, emails, or other digital platforms is increasingly common. Many people underestimate the seriousness of online harassment charges, assuming digital communications are less significant than in-person interactions.

Potential Penalties for Harassment Convictions

Under Indiana Code 35-45-2-1(b), harassment is classified as a Class B misdemeanor, which carries substantial penalties that can impact your life for years. A Class B misdemeanor conviction can result in up to 180 days in jail and fines reaching $1,000.

Beyond immediate criminal penalties, harassment convictions create permanent criminal records that appear in background checks. This can affect employment opportunities, housing applications, professional licensing, and educational prospects. Many employers, landlords, and licensing boards view harassment convictions seriously, regardless of the underlying circumstances.

Additional consequences may include court-ordered counseling, community service, and protective orders that restrict your movements and communications. Protective orders can prevent you from contacting the alleged victim, visiting certain locations, and may impact child custody arrangements in family law cases.

Contact Us for a Free Criminal Defense Review ⚖

Critical Steps to Take After a Harassment Arrest

Exercise Your Right to Remain Silent

Anything you say to law enforcement can be used against you in court. Politely decline to answer questions without an attorney present, even if officers suggest cooperation will help your case. Well-meaning statements often become evidence against defendants.

Document Everything

Preserve all communications, witness information, and evidence related to the alleged harassment. This includes text messages, emails, social media interactions, and any documentation that provides context for your actions or contradicts the allegations.

Avoid Contact with the Alleged Victim

Even innocent attempts to resolve the situation or apologize can be construed as continued harassment. Any contact with the alleged victim, whether direct or through third parties, can worsen your legal situation and potentially result in additional charges.

Seek Legal Representation Immediately

The complexity of harassment cases requires experienced legal guidance from the outset. An Indianapolis criminal defense lawyer can protect your rights during questioning, negotiate with prosecutors, and develop defense strategies tailored to your specific circumstances.

The Importance of Hiring a Local Indianapolis Attorney

Local attorneys possess invaluable knowledge of Indianapolis courts, prosecutors, and legal procedures that can significantly impact your case outcome. The Law Office of David E. Lewis brings assertiveness, knowledge, and experience to fight for your rights and gain better outcomes in Indiana courts.

Our proficiency stems from hard-earned, hands-on experience representing clients over several years, not just academic knowledge. When facing harassment charges, you need competent and caring hands guiding your defense strategy from arrest through resolution.

Indianapolis attorneys understand local prosecutorial tendencies, judicial preferences, and court procedures that out-of-state or inexperienced attorneys might overlook. This local knowledge often proves decisive in negotiations and trial strategies.

How an Attorney Can Help Defend Against Harassment Charges

Case Investigation and Evidence Analysis

Criminal defense lawyers conduct thorough investigations to uncover evidence supporting your defense. This includes interviewing witnesses, analyzing electronic communications, and identifying inconsistencies in the prosecution’s case.

Negotiating with Prosecutors

Experienced attorneys can negotiate reduced charges, alternative sentencing options, or case dismissals based on evidence weaknesses or procedural violations. Many harassment cases resolve through plea negotiations that minimize long-term consequences.

Courtroom Advocacy

If your case proceeds to trial, skilled criminal defense representation is essential. Attorneys understand evidence rules, cross-examination techniques, and legal arguments that can create reasonable doubt about your guilt.

Common Defenses Against Harassment Charges

Lack of Intent

Since harassment requires specific intent to harass, annoy, or alarm, demonstrating your actions lacked harassing intent can be an effective defense. Evidence showing legitimate purposes for your communications or actions supports this defense strategy.

First Amendment Protections

Some harassment charges involve protected speech under the First Amendment. Attorneys can argue that your communications, while perhaps unwelcome, constitute protected expression rather than criminal harassment.

False Allegations

Unfortunately, harassment charges sometimes arise from false or exaggerated accusations. Defense strategies may focus on exposing inconsistencies in the alleged victim’s statements, demonstrating bias or motivation to lie, or presenting evidence contradicting their claims.

Self-Defense

When harassment charges stem from physical altercations, self-defense may justify your actions. This defense requires proving you reasonably believed force was necessary to protect yourself from imminent harm.

Addressing Common Misconceptions

Many people believe harassment charges are minor legal matters with minimal consequences. This dangerous misconception leads to inadequate legal preparation and poor decision-making that can result in convictions and long-term consequences.

Another common misconception suggests only physical harassment constitutes serious criminal offenses. Indiana law treats verbal, written, and electronic harassment seriously, with identical penalties regardless of the communication method used.

Some individuals believe harassment charges are easily dismissed without legal representation. While some cases do get dismissed, this typically results from skilled legal advocacy identifying procedural violations, evidence problems, or constitutional issues that laypeople cannot recognize or effectively argue.

Your Rights and Legal Options

Understanding your rights is fundamental to mounting an effective defense. You have the right to remain silent, the right to legal representation, and the right to challenge evidence against you. These rights protect you throughout the legal process, but only if you exercise them properly.

Legal options may include fighting the charges at trial, negotiating plea agreements, or seeking case dismissal based on legal defenses. The appropriate strategy depends on your specific circumstances, the strength of the evidence, and your long-term goals.

Key Points

Harassment charges in Indianapolis require immediate, professional legal attention to protect your rights and minimize potential consequences. The legal system doesn’t wait for you to understand its complexities, and early mistakes can have lasting impacts on your case outcome.

Don’t let harassment charges derail your future when experienced legal help is available. Call Attorney David E. Lewis for immediate legal assistance. Your freedom, reputation, and future depend on the decisions you make now. Let our experienced criminal defense team guide you through this challenging time and work toward the best possible outcome for your case.

Contact Our Legal Experts Now

Related Post: Facing Harassment Charges in Indiana? What Every Defendant Should Know

Understanding Indiana’s Implied Consent Law: Your Rights and Responsibilities

Posted on by

Getting pulled over during a traffic stop can be overwhelming, especially when you’re facing potential DUI charges. Many Indiana drivers don’t fully understand their rights and obligations under the state’s Implied Consent Law until they find themselves in this challenging situation. This law significantly impacts what happens during a DUI stop and the choices you’ll need to make quickly.

Indiana’s Implied Consent Law creates automatic responsibilities for anyone who drives on the state’s roads. By simply operating a vehicle, you’ve already agreed to certain chemical testing procedures if an officer suspects impairment. However, the reality of this law is more complex than many people realize, with important nuances that can dramatically affect the outcome of your case.

Understanding these legal requirements isn’t just about knowing what might happen during a traffic stop—it’s about protecting your rights and making informed decisions when you’re under pressure. The consequences of your choices during a DUI stop can follow you for years, affecting your driving privileges, employment opportunities, and personal freedom.

Call 317-636-7514 if You are Looking for a DUI Lawyer Near Indianapolis
Call 317-636-7514 if You are Looking for a DUI Lawyer Near Indianapolis

What Does Implied Consent Mean Under Indiana Law?

Implied consent refers to the legal principle that by driving on Indiana’s roads, you automatically agree to submit to chemical testing if a law enforcement officer has reasonable suspicion that you’re operating under the influence. This consent is “implied” because you don’t explicitly state your agreement—it’s assumed through your act of driving.

Types of Chemical Testing

Under Indiana Code 9-30-6-2, this law applies to tests measuring blood alcohol concentration (BAC) or the presence of controlled substances in your system. The most common tests include breathalyzer testing, blood draws, and urine analysis. Importantly, this law covers all substances that could impair your driving ability, not just alcohol.

The Legal Basis

The legal foundation for implied consent rests on the idea that driving is a privilege, not a right. When the state grants you a driver’s license, part of that agreement includes submitting to these tests when legally requested. This framework has been upheld in numerous court cases, including State v. Gilbert, which detailed the procedural aspects of how officers must handle implied consent situations.

Misconceptions About Refusal 

Many drivers mistakenly believe they can simply refuse testing without consequences. While you do have the right to refuse, that choice comes with automatic penalties that are separate from any DUI charges you might face.

When Does Implied Consent Apply During Traffic Stops?

Reasonable Suspicion and Testing 

Implied consent doesn’t automatically apply to every traffic stop. An officer must have reasonable suspicion that you’re impaired before requesting chemical testing. This suspicion typically develops through observations like the smell of alcohol, slurred speech, bloodshot eyes, erratic driving behavior, and more.

The process usually begins with field observations during your initial interaction with the officer. If these observations suggest impairment, the officer may request field sobriety tests. It’s crucial to understand that field sobriety tests are voluntary and not covered under implied consent requirements. You can refuse these roadside tests without facing the automatic penalties associated with refusing chemical tests.

When Implied Consent is Activated 

However, if the officer decides to arrest you for DUI based on their observations, implied consent requirements become active. At this point, you’ll be asked to submit to chemical testing, typically at the police station or hospital. The case Johnson v. State clarified many aspects of what constitutes proper procedure during these stops and how officers must inform drivers of their rights.

The location of your traffic stop doesn’t exempt you from implied consent requirements. Whether you’re stopped on a public highway, in a parking lot, on private property where the public has access, or even in your own driveway, the law generally applies if you’re operating a motor vehicle.

Contact Us for DUI Defense in Indianapolis ☎

Consequences of Refusing Chemical Tests

Immediate Administrative Penalties 

Refusing to submit to chemical testing under Indiana’s Implied Consent Law triggers automatic administrative penalties through the Bureau of Motor Vehicles (BMV), separate from any criminal DUI charges. For a first-time refusal, your license will be instantly suspended for one year. If you have prior DUI convictions or refusals within the past five years, the suspension period extends to two years.

These administrative penalties occur regardless of whether you’re ultimately convicted of DUI charges. The refusal itself violates your implied consent agreement, and the BMV will act on this violation independently of criminal court proceedings. This means you could face license suspension even if criminal charges are later dropped or dismissed.

Refusal as Evidence in Court 

Additionally, your refusal to take chemical tests can be used as evidence against you in criminal court. Prosecutors often argue that refusal indicates consciousness of guilt—that you knew you were impaired and refused testing to avoid incriminating evidence.

However, there are some limitations on how refusal evidence can be used. Courts have established that prosecutors cannot suggest that refusal automatically proves guilt, but they can present it as one factor for the jury to consider alongside other evidence of impairment.

Legal Penalties and Long-term Consequences

DUI penalties in Indiana extend far beyond license suspension, creating long-lasting impacts on multiple aspects of your life. A first-time DUI conviction typically results in license suspension for 90 days to two years, depending on your BAC level and other factors. You’ll also face potential jail time ranging from 60 days to one year, along with fines up to $5,000.

Repeat offenses carry substantially harsher penalties. A second DUI conviction within five years can result in license suspension for up to two years and potential felony charges. The court may also require installation of an ignition interlock device, which prevents your vehicle from starting if alcohol is detected on your breath.

Extended Impact

Beyond immediate legal consequences, DUI charges create lasting effects on your employment opportunities, insurance rates, and personal reputation. Many employers conduct background checks that will reveal DUI convictions, potentially limiting job prospects. Insurance companies typically classify DUI convictions as high-risk behavior, leading to dramatically increased premiums or policy cancellation.

Professional licenses in fields like healthcare, education, or finance may also be affected by DUI convictions. State licensing boards often review criminal convictions and may impose additional penalties or restrictions on professional practice.

Exceptions and Potential Defenses

Medical Exceptions 

While implied consent creates broad testing requirements, certain exceptions and defenses may apply to your situation. Medical conditions that prevent safe blood draws or breathalyzer testing can sometimes provide grounds for challenging test results or refusal penalties. However, officers are typically required to offer alternative testing methods when medical issues arise.

The case Indiana v. Kimbrell addressed important issues surrounding blood draws and medical considerations in implied consent situations. This ruling established protocols for handling cases where medical circumstances complicate standard testing procedures.

Procedural Violations 

Procedural violations by law enforcement can also provide defense opportunities. Officers must follow specific protocols when informing drivers about implied consent requirements and conducting chemical tests. If proper procedures weren’t followed, it may be possible to challenge the validity of test results or the penalties for refusal.

Timing Issues 

Timing issues can also affect the validity of chemical tests. Indiana law requires that testing occur within a reasonable time after arrest, typically within three hours. Tests conducted outside this window may face challenges regarding their accuracy and legal admissibility.

Protecting Your Rights During a DUI Stop

Understanding your rights during a traffic stop empowers you to make informed decisions under pressure.

✏ You have the right to remain silent beyond providing basic identification information. Anything you say can be used as evidence, so limiting your statements to essential responses protects you from inadvertently providing incriminating information.

✏ While you must comply with requests for license, registration, and insurance information, you’re not required to answer questions about where you’ve been, whether you’ve been drinking, or how much you’ve consumed. Politely declining to answer these questions is within your rights and cannot be used against you.

✏ Remember that field sobriety tests are voluntary. Officers may not clearly explain this, but you can decline to perform roadside balance tests, eye tracking tests, or other field sobriety evaluations without triggering implied consent penalties. However, refusing these tests may still influence the officer’s decision to arrest you based on other observations.

If you’re arrested and face chemical testing requirements, the decision becomes more complex. While you can refuse, understanding the automatic consequences helps you make an informed choice based on your specific circumstances.

In Summary

Facing DUI charges creates immediate stress and uncertainty about your future. The complexity of implied consent law, combined with the serious consequences of these charges, makes professional legal guidance essential. An experienced DUI attorney can evaluate the specific circumstances of your case, identify potential defenses, and guide you through both administrative and criminal proceedings.

Your Next Steps

Time is critical in DUI cases. You typically have only ten days from your arrest to request a hearing with the BMV regarding license suspension. Missing this deadline can result in automatic suspension without the opportunity to challenge the administrative penalties. Consult with a qualified DUI attorney who understands Indiana law and can protect your interests throughout this challenging process.

Ready to defend your DUI charges and get the best possible outcome in court? Contact Attorney David E. Lewis at 317-636-7514 for immediate criminal defense representation in central Indiana.

Schedule a Free Consultation Now

Related Post: Indiana Laws About Giving a Breath Sample During a DUI Stop

Both Sides of the Fence: What You Need to Know about Indiana Protective Orders

Posted on by

Protective orders serve as legal shields, designed to safeguard individuals from harm or threats of harm. These court-issued documents carry significant weight in Indiana’s legal system, affecting both the person seeking protection and the individual against whom the order is filed.

Understanding protective orders requires examining multiple perspectives. Whether you’re considering filing for protection or find yourself responding to such a request, knowing your rights and responsibilities is essential. This comprehensive guide explores Indiana protective orders from both angles, providing clarity on a complex legal process that impacts thousands of Hoosiers each year.

Call 317-636-7514 if You Were Just Arrested for Violating a Protection Order in Indianapolis
Call 317-636-7514 if You Were Just Arrested for Violating a Protection Order in Indianapolis

Who Can Obtain a Protective Order in Indiana

Indiana law provides several pathways for individuals to seek protective orders, each designed to address specific circumstances and relationships.

Domestic Violence Protective Orders

The most common type involves domestic relationships. You can petition for an Order of Protection if you’re experiencing domestic violence, abuse, or threats from:

  • Current or former spouses
  • Individuals you’ve lived with as if married
  • People you’ve dated or had a sexual relationship with
  • Family members related by blood or marriage
  • Individuals who share a child with you

Workplace Violence Protective Orders

Employers can seek protection for their employees when workplace violence threatens the safety of workers. These orders address situations where:

  • An employee faces threats or violence from coworkers
  • External individuals pose threats to workplace safety
  • Harassment disrupts the work environment and employee well-being

Stalking Protective Orders

Anyone experiencing stalking behavior can petition for protection, regardless of their relationship to the stalker. This includes situations involving:

  • Repeated unwanted contact or communication
  • Following or surveillance activities
  • Threats made through various means of communication
  • Behavior that causes reasonable fear for safety

The key requirement across all categories is demonstrating that you face a credible threat or have experienced actual harm that warrants court intervention.

Contact Us If You Violated a Protective Order

Grounds for Obtaining a Protective Order

Indiana courts don’t issue restraining orders lightly. Petitioners must demonstrate specific grounds that justify legal intervention.

Domestic Violence Situations

For domestic violence protective orders, acceptable grounds include:

  • Physical abuse: Any intentional physical harm, including hitting, pushing, or restraining against your will.
  • Sexual abuse: Forced sexual contact or threats of sexual violence.
  • Threats of violence: Credible threats that cause reasonable fear of imminent harm.
  • Stalking behavior: Repeated unwanted contact that serves no legitimate purpose and causes fear.

Workplace Violence Circumstances

Workplace orders of protections require evidence of:

  • Threats of violence against employees
  • Actual physical violence in the workplace
  • Harassment that creates a hostile work environment
  • Behavior that reasonably causes employees to fear for their safety

Documentation Requirements

Courts expect concrete evidence supporting your petition. This might include:

  • Police reports documenting incidents
  • Medical records showing injuries
  • Photographs of injuries or property damage
  • Witness statements from those who observed incidents
  • Text messages, emails, or voicemails containing threats
  • Documentation of previous court proceedings

The Process of Obtaining an Order of Protection

Understanding the legal process for obtaining an Order of Protection helps both petitioners and respondents navigate what can be an overwhelming experience.

Emergency Protective Orders

When immediate danger exists, Indiana courts can issue emergency protective orders. These temporary measures:

  • Can be obtained without the respondent present
  • Provide immediate but short-term protection
  • Require a full hearing within a specific timeframe
  • Allow law enforcement to arrest violators immediately

Filing the Petition

The formal process begins with filing a petition that includes:

  • Detailed incident descriptions: Specific dates, times, and circumstances of abuse or threats
  • Evidence submission: Supporting documentation that substantiates your claims
  • Requested relief: Specific protections you’re seeking from the court
  • Service arrangements: How the respondent will be notified of the proceedings

The Hearing Process

Both parties have the right to present their case before a judge. The hearing typically involves:

  • Petitioner testimony: Your opportunity to explain why protection is necessary
  • Evidence presentation: Submission of supporting documentation and witness testimony
  • Cross-examination: The respondent’s opportunity to question your testimony
  • Respondent’s defense: Their chance to present counter-evidence or explanations

Court Decision Timeline

Indiana courts must act quickly on protective order requests. Emergency orders can be issued the same day, while full hearings typically occur within 10-14 days of filing.

Understanding Respondent Rights

Being named in a protective order petition doesn’t eliminate your constitutional rights. Respondents maintain several important protections under Indiana law.

Right to Legal Representation

You have the absolute right to legal counsel throughout the process. An experienced criminal defense lawyer can:

  • Review the petition for factual accuracy
  • Gather evidence supporting your defense
  • Cross-examine witnesses during hearings
  • Present evidence contradicting the petitioner’s claims
  • Negotiate modifications to proposed order terms

Right to Contest the Order

Respondents can challenge protective order requests by:

  • Disputing the factual basis of allegations
  • Presenting evidence that contradicts claims
  • Demonstrating the absence of credible threats
  • Showing that the relationship doesn’t qualify under applicable statutes

Due Process Protections

Indiana law ensures respondents receive fair treatment through:

  • Notice requirements: You must be properly served with petition papers
  • Hearing opportunities: The right to present your side of the story
  • Evidence standards: Petitioners must meet specific burden of proof requirements
  • Appeal rights: The ability to challenge unfavorable court decisions

Learn More About Restraining Orders in Indiana

Consequences of Violating a Protective Order

Protective order violations carry serious legal consequences that can significantly impact your life.

Criminal Charges

Violating a protective order constitutes criminal contempt of court, typically charged as a Class A misdemeanor. This can result in:

  • Up to one year in jail
  • Fines up to $5,000
  • Mandatory counseling or treatment programs
  • Extended protective order terms

Enhanced Penalties for Repeat Violations

Multiple violations can escalate charges to felony level, bringing:

  • Potential state prison sentences
  • Substantial fines and court costs
  • Permanent criminal record consequences
  • Loss of certain civil rights

Immediate Arrest Authority

Law enforcement officers can arrest protective order violators without witnessing the violation. An arrest warrant isn’t required if officers have probable cause to believe a violation occurred.

Civil Consequences

Beyond criminal penalties, violations can affect:

  • Child custody arrangements
  • Professional licensing
  • Employment opportunities
  • Housing applications
  • Educational opportunities

Criminal Defense for Protective Order Violations

Facing protective order violation charges requires immediate legal attention. The stakes are simply too high to navigate alone.

Common Defense Strategies

Experienced criminal defense lawyers like Attorney David E. Lewis employ various strategies depending on case circumstances:

  • Lack of knowledge: Demonstrating you weren’t properly served or made aware of the order’s existence.
  • Mistaken identity: Proving someone else committed the alleged violation.
  • Insufficient evidence: Challenging the prosecution’s ability to prove violation beyond reasonable doubt.
  • Constitutional violations: Identifying procedural errors that violated your rights during the investigation or arrest.

Importance of Early Intervention

Contacting a criminal defense lawyer immediately after arrest or when you learn of potential charges provides several advantages:

  • Protection of your constitutional rights during questioning
  • Immediate investigation while evidence is fresh
  • Opportunity to negotiate with prosecutors before formal charges
  • Prevention of self-incriminating statements

Negotiation Opportunities

Skilled defense attorneys can often negotiate favorable outcomes, including:

  • Reduced charges or penalties
  • Alternative sentencing options
  • Dismissal based on insufficient evidence
  • Plea agreements that minimize long-term consequences

Learn Your Rights as a Criminal Defendant

Modifying or Terminating a Protective Order

Orders of Protection aren’t necessarily permanent. Both petitioners and respondents can seek modifications under certain circumstances.

Grounds for Modification

Courts may modify protective orders when:

  • Changed circumstances: Situations that justified the original order no longer exist
  • Mutual agreement: Both parties consent to modifications
  • Overly broad terms: Original restrictions exceed what’s necessary for protection
  • Practical considerations: Current terms create undue hardship without serving protective purposes

Termination Process

Ending a protective order requires court approval and typically involves:

  1. Filing a motion: Formal request explaining why termination is appropriate
  2. Notice to all parties: Ensuring everyone involved can respond to the request
  3. Court hearing: Opportunity for both sides to present arguments
  4. Judicial decision: Court determination based on current safety considerations

Petitioner-Initiated Changes

The person who originally sought protection can request modifications or termination, but courts maintain discretion. Judges consider:

  • Whether dismissal serves the petitioner’s safety interests
  • Evidence of continued threats or danger
  • History of violations or compliance
  • Input from law enforcement or victim advocates

Respondent-Initiated Modifications

Respondents can petition for changes by demonstrating:

  • Substantial compliance with existing orders
  • Changed circumstances reducing danger
  • Excessive restrictions on constitutional rights
  • Hardships that outweigh protective benefits

Legal Guidance for Complex Situations

Protective orders involve complex legal standards and significant consequences for all parties involved. Whether you’re seeking protection or defending against allegations, professional legal guidance proves invaluable.

Consider consulting an attorney when:

  • You’re unsure whether your situation qualifies for protective order relief
  • You’ve been served with protective order papers
  • You’re facing criminal charges for protective order violations
  • You need to modify or terminate an existing order
  • You’re dealing with complex custody or property issues alongside protective orders

Key Takeaways

Protective orders represent serious legal matters that require careful navigation and thorough understanding. Whether you’re seeking protection from harm or defending against allegations, knowing your rights and options empowers you to make informed decisions.

Remember that protective orders serve an important purpose in our legal system—protecting individuals from harm while preserving constitutional rights for all parties involved. The process, while sometimes challenging, provides a framework for addressing dangerous situations through legal channels rather than personal confrontation.

If you’re facing protective order issues or criminal charges related to protective order violations, don’t wait to seek professional help. The consequences of missteps can follow you for years, affecting your freedom, family relationships, and future opportunities.

If you’re facing protective order issues or criminal charges related to protective order violations, don’t wait to seek professional help. Contact Attorney David E. Lewis today to get a free consultation for criminal defense in Indianapolis.

Book a Free Case Review Now

Related Post: Does Someone Need Proof to Issue a Restraining Order Against Me?

How Plea Deal Negotiation Works in Indiana Criminal Cases

Posted on by

Facing criminal charges can feel overwhelming, but understanding your options—including plea bargaining—can help you make informed decisions about your future. A plea deal (also called a plea agreement or plea bargain) isn’t just a legal shortcut; it’s a strategic decision that can significantly impact your life, your record, and your freedom.

Most criminal cases in Indiana are resolved through plea bargaining rather than going to trial. This process allows defendants to negotiate with prosecutors for reduced charges or lighter sentences in exchange for a guilty plea. Understanding how plea negotiations work can help you navigate this complex process and work toward the best possible outcome for your situation.

Call 317-636-7514 if You Are Looking for a Plea Negotiation Lawyer in Indianapolis Indiana
Call 317-636-7514 if You Are Looking for a Plea Negotiation Lawyer in Indianapolis Indiana

What Is a Plea Bargain?

A plea bargain is a negotiated agreement between the prosecutor and the defendant where the defendant pleads guilty in exchange for concessions from the prosecutor. These concessions might include reduced charges, lighter sentences, or the dismissal of certain charges.

Types of Plea Deals

Indiana recognizes several types of plea agreements:

▶ Charge Bargaining involves pleading guilty to a less serious charge than the original accusation. For example, a defendant charged with battery might negotiate to plead guilty to disorderly conduct instead.

▶ Sentence Bargaining occurs when the defendant pleads guilty with the understanding that they will receive a specific sentence or a reduced sentence. The charges remain the same, but the punishment is negotiated.

▶ Alford Plea allows a defendant to plead guilty without admitting the act but acknowledging that the prosecution has enough evidence to convict. This type of plea is less common but can be useful in certain circumstances.

Benefits of Plea Bargaining

Plea agreements offer advantages for both defendants and the prosecution. Defendants often receive reduced charges, lighter sentences, and avoid the uncertainty of a trial. The process also reduces legal costs and resolves cases more quickly.

For prosecutors, plea bargaining ensures a conviction without the time, expense, and uncertainty of a trial. It also allows them to focus resources on more serious cases while still achieving justice.

The Plea Negotiation Process

The plea bargaining process typically begins after formal charges are filed and continues throughout the pre-trial phase. Understanding each step can help you prepare for what lies ahead.

Initial Prosecution Offer

The prosecutor usually makes the first offer based on the strength of their evidence, the severity of the charges, and the defendant’s criminal history. This initial offer serves as a starting point for negotiations, not necessarily the final deal.

Defense Response and Strategy

Your criminal defense attorney will evaluate the prosecution’s offer against several factors, including but not limited to: 1) the strength of the evidence, 2) potential trial outcomes, and 3) your personal circumstances. They may accept the offer, reject it, or present a counteroffer.

Effective defense attorneys don’t just react to prosecution offers—they proactively build cases for reduced charges or alternative sentences. This might involve presenting mitigating factors, challenging evidence, or highlighting procedural issues.

The Role of Your Attorney

A skilled criminal defense lawyer serves as your advocate throughout the plea negotiation process. They understand Indiana’s criminal law, have relationships with local prosecutors, and can identify opportunities for favorable agreements.

Your attorney will explain the implications of any plea deal, including long-term consequences you might not consider. They’ll also ensure that any agreement serves your best interests, not just the prosecution’s desire to close the case quickly.

Request a Free Legal Consultation Today!

Factors That Influence Plea Negotiations

Several key factors determine how plea negotiations unfold and what kind of deal you might secure.

Strength of the Evidence

The prosecution’s evidence plays a crucial role in plea bargaining. Strong evidence against you typically results in less favorable plea offers, while weak or questionable evidence can strengthen your negotiating position.

Your attorney will carefully review all evidence, including police reports, witness statements, and physical evidence. They’ll look for inconsistencies, procedural errors, or constitutional violations that could weaken the prosecution’s case.

Criminal History

Your prior criminal record significantly impacts plea negotiations. First-time offenders often receive more favorable deals than those with extensive criminal histories. However, even defendants with prior convictions can sometimes negotiate reasonable agreements with skilled legal representation.

Victim Input

Indiana law allows victims to provide input during plea negotiations. While prosecutors aren’t bound by victim preferences, they often consider victim impact when evaluating plea offers. Some victims prefer quick resolution through plea bargaining, while others want cases to proceed to trial.

Potential Trial Consequences

Both sides consider what might happen if the case goes to trial. If you face mandatory minimum sentences or multiple charges that could result in decades of imprisonment, plea bargaining becomes more attractive. Conversely, if the evidence is weak or the charges are minor, going to trial might be the better option.

Prosecutorial Discretion

Prosecutors have significant discretion in deciding which charges to bring and what plea bargains to offer. Some prosecutors are more willing to negotiate than others, and local practices can vary considerably across Indiana counties.

Accepting or Rejecting a Plea Deal

The decision to accept or reject a plea deal is ultimately yours, but it should be made with careful consideration and professional guidance.

Considerations for Acceptance

Accepting a plea deal provides certainty about your outcome and often results in reduced penalties compared to potential trial convictions. It also saves time, money, and emotional stress associated with lengthy court proceedings.

Consider accepting a plea deal if the evidence against you is strong, the offered sentence is reasonable, and the alternative trial outcomes are significantly worse. Plea deals also make sense when you want to avoid the publicity of a trial or when you’re ready to take responsibility and move forward.

Reasons to Reject a Plea Deal

Sometimes rejecting a plea deal is the right choice. If the evidence against you is weak, the charges are unjust, or the plea offer isn’t significantly better than potential trial outcomes, going to trial might be worthwhile.

You might also reject a plea deal if it requires you to admit to crimes you didn’t commit or if the long-term consequences (like professional licensing issues) outweigh the benefits of avoiding trial.

Common Misconceptions

Many people believe that plea deals are only for guilty people, but innocent individuals sometimes accept plea agreements to avoid the risk of harsher penalties at trial. This reflects the practical realities of the criminal justice system, not an admission of guilt.

Another misconception is that plea deals are always the best option. Sometimes going to trial results in better outcomes, especially when the evidence is weak or the charges are unjust. The key is making an informed decision based on your specific circumstances.

The Pros & Cons of Accepting a Plea Deal

The Plea Hearing Process

Once you decide to accept a plea deal, you’ll appear before a judge for a plea hearing. This formal process ensures that you understand the agreement and that your plea is voluntary.

What to Expect

During the plea hearing, the judge will review the terms of your plea agreement and ask you questions to ensure you understand what you’re agreeing to. They’ll confirm that you’re pleading guilty voluntarily and that you understand the consequences.

The judge will also verify that you understand the charges against you, the rights you’re giving up by pleading guilty, and the sentence you’ll receive. This process protects your due process rights and ensures the plea is legally valid.

The Judge’s Role

While judges generally accept plea agreements negotiated by the parties, they have the authority to reject deals they consider inappropriate. Indiana judges must ensure that plea agreements serve the interests of justice and comply with legal requirements.

If a judge rejects your plea agreement, you can often negotiate a new deal or proceed to trial. This situation is relatively rare, but it’s important to understand that plea agreements aren’t automatically approved.

Withdrawing from a Plea Agreement

Sometimes defendants want to withdraw their guilty pleas after accepting plea deals. While this is possible under certain circumstances, it’s not always easy.

When Withdrawal Is Possible

You can file a motion to withdraw plea if you can show good cause for the withdrawal. Valid reasons might include ineffective assistance of counsel, coercion, or new evidence that changes the case significantly.

Withdrawal is generally easier before sentencing than after. Once you’ve been sentenced, the standards for withdrawal become much more stringent, and you’ll need to demonstrate that allowing the plea to stand would result in a manifest injustice.

The Legal Process

Withdrawing a plea requires filing a formal motion with the court and presenting evidence supporting your request. The judge will consider factors like the reason for withdrawal, the impact on the prosecution, and the fairness of allowing withdrawal.

If your withdrawal motion is denied, you may be able to appeal the decision, but this process can be complex and time-consuming. It’s much better to carefully consider plea agreements before accepting them than to try to withdraw later.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are my chances of getting a plea deal?

Most criminal cases in Indiana are resolved through plea bargaining, so the chances are generally good. However, the quality of the deal depends on factors like the strength of the evidence, the severity of the charges, and your criminal history.

How does my criminal history affect plea negotiations?

Prior convictions typically result in less favorable plea offers because prosecutors and judges view repeat offenders as deserving harsher punishment. However, even defendants with criminal histories can sometimes negotiate reasonable agreements with skilled legal representation.

Can I withdraw my plea if I change my mind?

Withdrawing a plea is possible but difficult. You must show good cause for the withdrawal, and the standards become much stricter after sentencing. It’s better to carefully consider plea agreements before accepting them.

What happens if I reject the plea deal?

If you reject a plea deal, your case will proceed to trial, where you’ll face the original charges. This means you risk conviction on more serious charges and potentially harsher sentences, but you also have the opportunity to be found not guilty.

Are there alternatives to plea deals?

Yes, some jurisdictions offer diversion programs, pre-trial intervention, or deferred prosecution agreements that allow you to avoid conviction by completing certain requirements. These alternatives aren’t available in all cases, but they’re worth discussing with your attorney.

Final Thoughts

Navigating the plea bargaining process requires understanding your options, the strength of your case, and the potential consequences of different decisions. While plea deals can provide favorable outcomes, they’re not right for every situation or every defendant.

The most important step you can take is consulting with an experienced Indiana criminal defense attorney who understands Indiana’s criminal justice system. They can evaluate your case, negotiate on your behalf, and help you make informed decisions about your future.

Remember that this information is for educational purposes only and doesn’t constitute legal advice. Every criminal case is unique, and the best approach depends on your specific circumstances, the charges you face, and the evidence against you.

If you’re facing criminal charges in Indiana, don’t navigate this complex process alone. Contact Attorney David E. Lewis, today. Our law firm can protect your rights, advocate for your interests, and help you achieve the best possible outcome in your case.

Book a Free Consultation Now

Related Post: The Impact of Plea Bargaining on Criminal Cases

Facing Armed Robbery Charges in Indianapolis? Here’s What You Need to Know

Posted on by

When facing armed robbery charges, navigating the legal system can feel overwhelming. The penalties in Indiana for armed robbery are severe, with long-lasting consequences that can impact your personal and professional life. Whether you’re navigating these charges for the first time or seeking clarity on the legal process, understanding the law and your rights is crucial.

This blog will explore the legal definitions of armed robbery in Indiana, potential defenses, the legal process, and why hiring an experienced criminal defense attorney can make all the difference in your case.

Call 317-636-7514 if You are Looking for an Armed Robbery Lawyer in Indianapolis Indiana
Call 317-636-7514 if You are Looking for an Armed Robbery Lawyer in Indianapolis Indiana

What Is Armed Robbery Under Indiana Law?

Armed robbery in Indiana is defined as taking property from another person or their presence through the use of force or by threatening the use of force, with the addition of carrying or using a deadly weapon.

Key Elements the Prosecution Needs to Prove:

  1. Taking Property: The property must be taken from the person or vicinity of the victim. It doesn’t need to be physically on them, but it must be within their immediate presence.
  2. Use or Threat of Force: There must be a demonstrated use or threat of physical force to compel compliance.
  3. Deadly Weapon: The offense is elevated to armed robbery if a deadly weapon was carried, displayed, or used during the crime, even if it wasn’t brandished or used to inflict harm.
  4. Intent to Deprive: The prosecution must prove there was intent to permanently deprive the victim of the property.

Under Indiana law, deadly weapons can include firearms, knives, or any object used in a manner likely to cause serious bodily injury, which broadens the scope to everyday items depending on their use.

Aggravating Factors That Can Increase Armed Robbery Penalties

While armed robbery is already classified as a serious felony, certain factors can increase the severity of the charges and resulting penalties:

  • Using a Deadly Weapon to threaten or inflict injury.
  • Causing Serious Bodily Injury to the victim.
  • Targeting Vulnerable Victims, such as the elderly or disabled.
  • Committing the Robbery in the Presence of a Minor.
  • Prior Convictions, especially for violent crimes, which can lead to enhanced penalties.
  • Robbing High-Risk Locations, like banks, pharmacies, or other vulnerable establishments.

Aggravating factors can lead to additional charges, higher fines, and longer sentences, making it all the more critical to address these charges with the help of a qualified legal professional.

Contact Us to Fight Robbery Charges in Indiana

Defenses Against Armed Robbery Charges

Defending against an armed robbery charge begins with understanding the specific facts of your case. Here are common defenses used:

  • Mistaken Identity – Eyewitness misidentifications can lead to wrongful accusations. An attorney can challenge the accuracy of witness accounts if other evidence suggests you were not the perpetrator.
  • Lack of Intent – If there was no intent to permanently deprive the victim of their property, the prosecution’s case may fall apart.
  • Alibi – Presenting evidence that you were not at the scene of the robbery can be compelling.
  • Legal Challenges to Evidence – Evidence obtained through illegal searches or seizures may be inadmissible in court.
  • Coerced Confession – Any confessions obtained under duress or without proper Miranda warnings can be challenged.
  • False Accusations – Sometimes, accusations stem from misunderstandings or malicious intent by others, which can be exposed in court.
  • Lack of Deadly Weapon – If the alleged weapon fails to meet Indiana’s standard of a “deadly weapon,” charges might be reduced.

Your attorney will evaluate your case to determine the most appropriate defense and ensure your story is accurately presented in court.

The Legal Process for Armed Robbery Cases in Indiana

Understanding what to expect when facing armed robbery charges can prepare you for the road ahead. Here’s the typical process:

  1. Arrest and Charges – After the arrest, you will be formally charged. This is when understanding the specific accusations against you is critical.
  2. Initial Hearing – During this stage, you are informed about the charges, and bail may be set.
  3. Discovery Phase – This is when both sides gather evidence. The prosecution will present its case, and your attorney will investigate and build your defense.
  4. Plea Negotiations – Your lawyer may negotiate a plea deal to reduce criminal charges or penalties if this aligns with your goals.
  5. Trial – If your case proceeds to trial, the prosecution must prove each element of armed robbery beyond a reasonable doubt. With robust legal representation, this is an opportunity to assert your defenses.
  6. Sentencing (if convicted) – Sentences can vary, influenced by aggravating or mitigating factors. However, your attorney can work to minimize penalties.

Every case is unique, and having an experienced attorney can streamline the process and improve outcomes.

Why Hiring a Criminal Defense Attorney in Indianapolis Is Essential

Facing charges as severe as armed robbery requires specialized legal knowledge and experience. A skilled Indianapolis robbery lawyer can:

  • Analyze all evidence to identify weaknesses in the prosecution’s case.
  • File motions to suppress illegally obtained evidence.
  • Negotiate with prosecutors on your behalf for reduced charges or penalties.
  • Present compelling arguments and evidence during your trial.

Attempting to handle armed robbery charges without legal representation can put you at a significant disadvantage. Don’t face this alone. Contact Attorney David E. Lewis right now.

Protecting Your Rights After an Arrest

If you are arrested for armed robbery in Indiana, take these steps immediately to protect your rights:

  • Use Your Right to Silence – Anything you say can and will be used against you. Politely decline to answer questions without an attorney present.
  • Request an Attorney – Insist on having a criminal defense attorney before engaging in discussions with law enforcement.
  • Document Everything – Record the details of your arrest and any interactions with police to ensure nothing is overlooked.
  • Avoid Discussing the Case – Refrain from discussing the incident, even with friends or family, to prevent misunderstandings or accidental admissions.

Time is critical after an arrest, so taking these steps as soon as possible can significantly impact your case.

FAQs About Armed Robbery Laws in Indiana

✤ What constitutes armed robbery under Indiana law? 

Armed robbery involves taking property from another person using force or the threat of force while carrying or using a deadly weapon.

✤ What are the potential penalties for armed robbery in Indiana? 

Penalties may include 6 to 20 years in prison for a Level 3 felony, with higher penalties for aggravating factors.

✤ Can I be charged with armed robbery even if I didn’t use the weapon? 

Yes, possessing a weapon during the robbery, even if not used, can elevate a robbery charge to armed robbery.

✤ What defenses can be used against armed robbery charges? 

Defenses include mistaken identity, lack of intent, alibi, coerced confession, lack of deadly weapon, and false accusation.

✤ How does Indiana law define “deadly weapon”? 

A deadly weapon includes any object likely to cause serious bodily injury when used in a certain manner.

Facing Armed Robbery Charges? Contact Us Today

When charged with armed robbery, your choice of legal representation can significantly shape your case’s outcome. Don’t take chances with your future. Contact Attorney David E. Lewis to ensure your rights are protected and receive the aggressive defense you deserve.

Speak With a Lawyer for Free Right Now

Related Post: Facts About Burglary Charges and Robbery Charges in Indiana

Understanding Firearm Possession Laws in Indiana

Posted on by

Whether you’re a new gun owner or a long-time firearm enthusiast, understanding Indiana firearm laws is essential. Indiana has specific regulations surrounding gun ownership, carrying laws, and justifiable use of firearms. Missteps in following these laws could lead to serious legal consequences, including criminal charges.

This blog will provide you with a comprehensive guide to firearm possession and use in Indiana, from who can legally own a firearm to the state’s stance on concealed carry permits and gun charges.

Call 317-636-7514 When You Need an Indiana Criminal Defense Attorney Near You
Call 317-636-7514 When You Need an Indiana Criminal Defense Attorney Near You

Indiana Firearm Laws at a Glance

Indiana firearm laws are designed to balance the rights of responsible gun owners with public safety measures. Generally, residents have the right to buy and own firearms, but there are crucial state and federal restrictions to follow.

Here are the key points you need to know:

  • Indiana generally permits individuals 18 years and older to possess firearms. However, additional laws regulate carrying handguns in public.
  • A handgun permit or license is typically required for carrying in public spaces.
  • Indiana’s “stand your ground” laws define when the use of deadly force is justified for self-defense.

Violations of these laws can lead to substantial penalties, including fines, imprisonment, and difficulty obtaining future gun permits.

Later in this post, we’ll discuss these rules in greater detail so you can better understand your rights and responsibilities.

Who Can Legally Possess a Firearm in Indiana?

Under Indiana gun laws, most residents over the age of 18 can legally possess a firearm. However, both state and federal laws impose restrictions on certain groups. The following individuals cannot possess firearms in Indiana:

  • Convicted felons: Individuals convicted of serious criminal offenses (except for certain low-level felonies) are prohibited from owning or possessing firearms.
  • Those with certain mental health conditions: If a person has been adjudicated as mentally incompetent or committed to a mental institution, they are typically barred from firearm possession.
  • Domestic violence offenders: Individuals with domestic violence convictions—even misdemeanors—may lose their right to possess or purchase firearms.
  • Illegal substance users: Unlawful users of controlled substances are not eligible to own or carry firearms.
  • Anyone under a court order: This includes individuals subject to restraining orders related to stalking, harassment, or domestic violence.

If you fall into one of these restricted categories, attempting to possess a firearm may result in significant criminal charges under Indiana firearm laws.

Get Expert Criminal Defense in Indiana

Restrictions on Firearm Possession

While many individuals can legally own firearms in Indiana, there are restrictions on where and how those firearms can be carried or used. Being arrested with a handgun on or near these areas can result in aggravated factors.

Common Restrictions

  • Public schools and daycares: Firearms are prohibited on school property, with limited exceptions like firearms in locked vehicles.
  • Public buildings: Specific government buildings may restrict or prohibit firearms entirely.
  • Private property: Business owners and private property owners have the right to prohibit firearms on their premises. Pay attention to posted signs!

Violating these restrictions could lead to a concealed firearm charge or other significant penalties, which we’ll cover later.

Carrying a Handgun in Indiana

Indiana’s concealed carry laws underwent significant changes in 2022. The state now operates under a “permitless carry law,” meaning eligible individuals do not need a license to carry a handgun in most cases. However, there are some nuances you should understand:

  • Permitless Carry Rules: Residents who are not prohibited from firearm possession can legally carry a handgun without a permit.
  • Concealed Firearm or Open Carry Permits (formerly): Though permits are no longer required for most carriers, you can still choose to obtain a handgun permit for reciprocity in other states or other personal reasons.
  • Prohibited Individuals: Permitless carry does not apply to individuals banned under state or federal laws, like those with felony convictions or certain protective orders.

While permitless carry allows for more flexibility, ensure you fully understand the areas where carrying firearms is restricted, as violations can lead to criminal charges.

When Can You Use Deadly Force in Indiana?

Indiana’s laws regarding the use of deadly force, often referred to as the “Stand Your Ground” or “Castle Doctrine” law, allow individuals to protect themselves under certain circumstances. Here’s what you need to know:

  • Self-Defense or Defense of Others: Indiana law permits the use of deadly force to defend oneself or others if you reasonably believe it is necessary to prevent serious bodily harm or death.
  • Protection of Property: The law also extends to the defense of one’s home or vehicle. However, using deadly force must be proportional to the threat.
  • Immediate Threat Required: Key to these laws is the concept of an immediate or imminent threat. Deadly force must not be used frivolously or when other options are available.

Although these laws protect responsible gun owners, situations involving the use of firearms are complex. Misjudging a scenario could still result in legal consequences.

Criminal Charges for Firearm Possession Violations

Violations of Indiana firearm laws can lead to serious legal repercussions. Common charges include:

  • Possession by a prohibited person: A Class A misdemeanor or felony, depending on circumstances.
  • Carrying without a permit (prior to permitless carry laws): Individuals who previously carried without a valid handgun permit faced criminal penalties.
  • Firearm-related felonies: These include using a firearm in the commission of another crime, such as armed robbery or assault.

Penalties for these criminal charges vary widely but can include hefty fines, jail time, or permanent loss of firearm rights. If you’re facing such charges, knowing Indiana firearm laws and consulting with an experienced defense attorney is critical.

Protect Your Rights and Stay Compliant

Indiana firearm laws offer gun owners certain freedoms, but understanding the rules and restrictions is critical for responsible ownership. Whether you’re managing daily carry regulations, considering the use of deadly force, or ensuring compliance with public safety rules, staying informed can save you from unnecessary criminal charges or complications.

If you’re facing firearm-related charges or have questions about Indiana gun laws, don’t hesitate to reach out. Contact Attorney David E. Lewis for a free consultation today—we’re here to help you protect your rights and ensure your understanding of the law is as sharp as your skills with your firearm.

Get Started With a Free Case Review

Related Post: Do I Need a Permit to Carry a Handgun in Indiana?

Indiana Laws About Giving a Breath Sample During a DUI Stop 

Posted on by

Navigating the legal landscape surrounding DUI stops in Indiana can feel overwhelming, especially if you’re facing charges or concerned about the consequences of refusing a breathalyzer test. This guide breaks down essential information about drunk driving laws, your legal rights, and the implications of providing or refusing a breath sample during a traffic stop.

We’ll also address common misconceptions about Indiana’s DUI laws, explain potential penalties, and offer guidance on when to seek legal help. By the end of this guide, you’ll be better equipped to understand your rights and make informed decisions. 

Call 317-636-7514 to Speak to Our DUI Criminal Lawyers in Indianapolis
Call 317-636-7514 to Speak to Our DUI Criminal Lawyers in Indianapolis

Introduction to Indiana DUI Laws 

Indiana takes drunk driving seriously. Under Indiana Code 9-30-5-1, driving with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 or higher is illegal. However, you can still face drunk driving charges, even if your BAC is below this threshold, if law enforcement believes your driving ability is impaired. 

Understanding the laws surrounding DUI stops and breathalyzer tests can help you avoid costly mistakes, such as losing your license or facing harsher penalties. 

Implied Consent Law Explained 

Indiana operates under an Implied Consent Law (Indiana Code 9-30-6). This means that by driving on Indiana roads, you automatically consent to chemical tests (including breath, blood, or urine tests) if law enforcement suspects you of intoxicated driving. 

Important Details About Implied Consent:

  • Timing: You must comply with the officer’s request at the time of the stop. Refusing doesn’t exempt you from consequences. 
  • Applicable Tests: The law covers breathalyzer tests done at the scene and official chemical tests often conducted at a medical facility. 

Consequences of Refusing a Breathalyzer 

Refusing to take a breathalyzer test doesn’t mean you escape penalties. Under Indiana’s Implied Consent Law, refusal results in an automatic license suspension, even if no drunk driving conviction follows. 

Here’s what to expect if you refuse a breathalyzer test in Indiana:

  • First Refusal: 1-year license suspension. 
  • Subsequent Refusals: 2-year license suspension. 

More importantly, your refusal can be used as evidence against you in court, potentially leading to harsher sentencing if you’re convicted of DUI charges. 

Learn More About Indiana DUI Tests

Legal Rights During a Drunk Driving Stop 

It’s critical to understand your rights when stopped by law enforcement. While Indiana’s Implied Consent Law obliges you to submit to chemical testing, you still maintain other rights under the law.

Key Rights to Remember:

  • You Can Remain Silent: You’re not required to answer questions that may incriminate you. Politely inform the officer that you wish to remain silent. 
  • Right to Legal Representation: You can request an attorney, especially during questioning. 
  • Police Must Have Probable Cause: The officer must have reasonable suspicion to pull you over and request a breathalyzer test. 
  • Misconception alert: Police do not need to read you your Miranda rights unless you are formally in custody and being interrogated. 

Factors Affecting Breathalyzer Results 

While breathalyzer tests are commonly used in DUI investigations, it’s important to know that they’re not infallible. Several factors can affect the accuracy of these tests, including:

  • Medical Conditions (e.g., acid reflux or diabetes) that may cause false positives. 
  • Calibration Issues if the device is not maintained or used properly. 
  • Time of Test as BAC levels rise after initial alcohol consumption and may not reflect impairment at the time of driving. 

These potential inaccuracies can provide grounds to challenge the results in court. 

How to Challenge Breathalyzer Evidence 

Breathalyzer results may carry significant weight in court, but they’re not always airtight. With the help of an experienced DUI attorney, you may be able to challenge the validity of the test. 

Here’s how evidence can be disputed:

  • Calibration Records: Was the device properly calibrated and maintained? 
  • Officer Training: Was the test administered by an officer trained to use the equipment? 
  • External Factors: Were medical conditions or environmental factors considered? 

Successfully challenging breathalyzer results could result in reduced charges or even dismissal of your case. 

When to Contact an Indiana DUI Lawyer 

Facing drunk driving charges or dealing with the consequences of refusing a breathalyzer test is a serious matter. Working with a DUI lawyer in Indianapolis can ensure your rights are protected throughout the legal process.

Consider contacting DUI defense attorney if:

  • You have been charged with drunk driving despite a BAC below .08. 
  • You refused a breathalyzer test and are facing license suspension. 
  • You want to challenge the accuracy or validity of breathalyzer evidence. 
  • You’re navigating a second or subsequent DUI charge with heightened penalties.

Our experienced Indiana drunk driving attorneys are here to help you understand your options and build a strong defense. 

Frequently Asked Questions About DUI Charges 

What happens if I refuse a breathalyzer test in Indiana? 

Your license will be automatically suspended for at least 1 year, even without a drunk driving conviction. Refusal can also be used as evidence in court. 

Can I be charged with a DUI even if my BAC is below .08? 

Yes. If law enforcement believes your ability to drive is impaired, you can still face drunk driving charges, even with a BAC under the legal limit. 

How accurate are breathalyzer tests in Indiana? 

While generally reliable, breathalyzer tests are not foolproof. Factors such as medical conditions, device calibration, and external conditions can impact accuracy. 

What are my rights during a DUI stop? 

You have the right to remain silent, request legal representation, and refuse to answer incriminating questions. 

Do I need a lawyer if it’s my first Drunk Driving offense? 

Yes. A lawyer can help you understand the legal process, negotiate reduced penalties, and ensure your rights are protected. 

Will I lose my license if I’m convicted of Driving While Intoxicated? 

Yes. License suspension durations vary depending on the offense (e.g., 90 days to 2 years for a first offense). 

In Summary

Being arrested for a DUI can be a daunting and overwhelming experience. It’s important to remember that you have rights and options available to you. Seeking legal representation is highly recommended, as it can greatly impact the outcome of your case and help mitigate potential consequences. It’s also crucial to understand your state’s laws regarding DUI offenses and how they may affect your license and overall record. By being informed and proactive, you can navigate this challenging situation with confidence.

You are not alone – seek support from loved ones and professionals to help you through this difficult time. Stay safe, stay informed, and always know your rights!  So if you ever find yourself in a situation where you are facing a

Whether it’s your first offense or a subsequent charge, hiring the right legal representation can make all the difference. Don’t wait until it’s too late. Contact Attorney David E. Lewis today and take the first step toward protecting your rights and future. 

Book a Free Case Review

Related Post: How to Keep Yourself Safe During a Cop Stop

Repeat Criminal Charges in Indianapolis: What You Need to Know 

Posted on by

Facing criminal charges is always a serious matter, but the stakes are even higher when you’ve been charged with a crime multiple times. Whether it’s a third DUI, a second drug possession charge, or multiple theft offenses, Indiana’s penalties for repeat offenders can be severe. If you’re navigating this difficult situation, understanding how repeat offenses affect your case is essential. 

This post breaks down what it means to face repeat criminal charges in Indianapolis, the consequences, and why legal counsel is critical for protecting your rights and future. 

Call 317-636-7514 When You Need an Indianapolis Repeat Offender Lawyer
Call 317-636-7514 When You Need an Indianapolis Repeat Offender Lawyer

Defining Repeat DUI and Drug Possession Charges 

A repeat offense is exactly what it sounds like: committing the same or similar crime after an earlier conviction. Here’s what constitutes repeat charges in two common scenarios:

Repeat DUI Offenses

For example, if Dave, a resident of Indianapolis, receives a third DUI, he becomes subject to harsher drunk driving laws. Indiana views DUIs progressively, with subsequent offenses carrying harsher penalties (such as longer jail sentences, higher fines, or mandatory alcohol treatment programs). 

Repeat Drug Possession Charges

Another example involves Kate, who is charged with her second drug possession while on probation for a prior offense. This escalates her case to a more serious level, compounding her legal troubles for violating probation. 

Increased Penalties for Repeat Offenses 

Indiana’s criminal justice system does not take lightly to repeat offenders. You can expect harsher penalties for subsequent offenses, including longer prison sentences, higher fines, and even changes to your criminal record. 

How Increased Penalties Work:

  • Habitual Offender Status: Under Indiana’s habitual offender law, repeat charges such as theft, drug possession, or DUIs could result in significantly extended prison sentences. For instance:
    • Someone convicted of three or more felonies could face additional years added to their sentence. 
    • A habitual offender designation can be applied to a wide range of offenses, from drug crimes to violent crimes. 
  • Impact on Probation: Repeat offenses jeopardize lenient outcomes like probation. If a person is already on probation (e.g., for a DUI) and commits a similar crime, it’s likely to be considered a probation violation. 
  • Felony Escalation: Some offenses, like receiving multiple DUIs, may escalate to felony charges, increasing penalties even further. 

Impact on Driver’s License and Criminal Record 

Criminal convictions for repeat offenses have long-term consequences that stretch beyond jail time. Below are two areas significantly affected by repeat criminal charges in Indianapolis. 

1. Driver’s License Suspension 

Receiving a third DUI in Indianapolis, for example, can result in a lengthy suspension (or even permanent revocation) of your driving privileges. Marion County courts take DUI repeat offenses seriously, often mandating stricter penalties as a deterrent. 

2. Your Permanent Criminal Record 

Having repeat charges on your criminal record can make it harder to find housing or employment, lead to higher insurance premiums, and strip you of basic rights like voting or firearm possession. You should consult an experienced criminal defense lawyer to identify opportunities for record expungement or charge reduction. 

Contact Our Legal Experts for Free Advice

Legal Defenses and Strategies 

When facing multiple criminal charges, building a strong defense becomes even more critical. Here are strategies a skilled Indianapolis criminal defense lawyer might employ to protect your rights. 

Potential Legal Defenses:

  • Challenging the Evidence: Questioning the legality of how evidence was obtained, such as during a search or arrest without proper cause. 
  • Negotiating for Reduced Charges: Working with prosecutors to reclassify a felony as a misdemeanor to reduce sentencing severity. 
  • Lack of Criminal Intent: Arguing lack of intent to commit the alleged crime might be particularly valuable in theft-related cases. 

Hypothetical Example Scenario 

Consider Tyler, who violated probation by being arrested for drug possession again. A defense lawyer may argue for drug diversion programs, which could provide rehabilitation instead of incarceration. This not only addresses the issue of addiction but also allows her to avoid significant jail time. 

Frequently Asked Questions About Repeat Criminal Charges 

💬 What are the penalties for a third DUI offense in Indiana? 

A third DUI can result in felony charges, including a driving license suspension ranging from 10 years to a lifetime ban, hefty fines, and mandatory alcohol rehabilitation programs. 

💬 How does a second drug possession charge affect my probation? 

A second drug possession charge often results in probation revocation. This means the court could impose severe penalties for the original offense in addition to sentencing for the new offense. 

💬 Can I lose my driver’s license for repeat offenses? 

Yes. Habitual traffic violations, such as a third DUI, can lead to long-term or permanent license suspension in Marion County or under Indiana law. 

💬 What defenses can be used against repeat criminal charges? 

Possible defenses include challenging unlawful arrests, questioning evidence collection, or negotiating plea deals. Consulting with an experienced attorney is critical. 

💬 How does being labeled a habitual offender impact my case? 

Being labeled a habitual offender typically results in significantly harsher penalties, including mandatory minimum sentences, fewer opportunities for plea bargains, and reduced eligibility for parole. 

💬 How can an Indianapolis criminal defense lawyer help me? 

Your lawyer will analyze the evidence, craft a tailored defense, and negotiate to protect your best interests in court. Having legal counsel is essential when facing serious repeat charges. 

💬 What should I do if I’m arrested again while on probation? 

Contact a criminal defense attorney immediately. Probation violations increase penalties and can lead to significant legal repercussions, but an attorney can guide you on your next steps. 

The Importance of Legal Counsel 

Repeat offenses carry severe lifelong repercussions, impacting everything from your personal relationships to future career opportunities. However, you don’t have to face these challenges alone. The complexity of Indiana’s criminal justice system, with its intricate laws and procedures, makes navigating it on your own overwhelming and risky.

This is why having a skilled and experienced criminal defense lawyer like Attorney David E. Lewis by your side is crucial. They can help protect your rights, build a strong defense, and guide you through every step of the process to achieve the best possible outcome.

  • Protection of Your Rights: An experienced attorney ensures that your constitutional rights are upheld throughout the legal process. 
  • Comprehensive Legal Knowledge: A skilled lawyer understands the complexities of the law and can identify strategies that may not be immediately apparent. 
  • Personalized Guidance: Legal counsel provides tailored advice specific to your situation, helping you make informed decisions. 
  • Effective Negotiation: Attorneys can negotiate with prosecutors to seek reduced charges or alternative resolutions when possible. 
  • Peace of Mind: Having a professional advocate on your side alleviates the stress of managing legal challenges on your own. 

In Summary

Navigating legal challenges can be overwhelming, but having experienced legal representation can make all the difference. From offering personalized guidance to negotiating favorable outcomes, attorneys play a critical role in protecting your rights and ensuring fair treatment. Their expertise not only provides clarity during uncertain times but also empowers you to make informed choices with confidence. Remember, you don’t have to face these challenges alone—seeking professional legal support is a valuable step toward resolving your concerns and moving forward with peace of mind.

Attorney David E. Lewis focuses on defending individuals in Indianapolis facing multiple criminal charges, habitual offender status, or probation violations. With extensive trial experience, we know how to build a strong case, challenge evidence, and fight for reduced penalties.  Don’t wait until it’s too late to start building your defense. 

Click Now to Book a Consultation

Related Post: Understanding the Consequences of Repeat Criminal Offenses in Indiana   

Detained or Under Arrest? Understanding Your Legal Rights in Indiana

Posted on by

Navigating encounters with law enforcement can be confusing and overwhelming, especially if you’re unsure whether you’re being detained or arrested. Understanding the distinction between these two legal concepts is crucial for protecting your rights during such interactions.

This blog will clarify what it means to be detained versus being under arrest, highlighting key differences and your legal rights under Indiana law. We’ll also address common misconceptions and provide actionable steps to take if you believe your rights have been violated.

Call 317-636-7514 if You Were Just Arrested in Indianapolis Indiana
Call 317-636-7514 if You Were Just Arrested in Indianapolis Indiana

What Does it Mean to Be Detained

Being detained refers to a temporary and limited restriction of your freedom of movement. Law enforcement may detain you when they have reasonable suspicion that you’re involved in a criminal act. This standard was established by the landmark case Terry v. Ohio and is the same standard used in Indiana courts.

What Constitutes Reasonable Suspicion in Indiana?

Reasonable suspicion is a lower standard than probable cause. It’s based on specific and articulable facts that suggest criminal activity is occurring, has occurred, or will occur. For example:

  • A police officer observes you loitering near a closed business at night.
  • You match the description of a suspect reported in a recent crime.

How Long Can Police Detain You in Indiana?

While there’s no exact time limit for how long you can be detained, the detention can’t be unreasonably long. Courts evaluate whether the duration and scope of the detention were justified given the circumstances. If law enforcement’s investigation extends beyond reasonable suspicion without escalating to probable cause, they must release you.

Can You Refuse to Answer Questions if Detained?

Yes, you have the right to remain silent when detained. You are not required to answer questions or provide information beyond your name and identifying details, such as showing your ID in specific situations.

What Does It Mean to Be Arrested

An arrest occurs when law enforcement takes you into custody based on probable cause or an arrest warrant. Probable cause is the standard that requires sufficient evidence to make a reasonable person believe you committed a crime.

Key Characteristics of an Arrest

  • Physical or Verbal Custody: This can include being handcuffed, told you’re under arrest, or placed in a squad car.
  • Probable Cause: Officers must have clear and sufficient evidence linking you to a criminal offense.
  • Reading Miranda Rights: If officers wish to question you after your arrest, they must first read you your Miranda Rights to avoid suppressing your statements in court. However, the failure to do so doesn’t automatically invalidate the arrest itself.

How Do Arrests Work in Indiana?

Under Indiana law, arrests can occur with or without a warrant. A warrant is typically required for non-emergency situations, but in cases involving immediate danger or obvious evidence of a crime, police can proceed without one.

Key Differences Between Detention and Arrest

While both involve an interaction with law enforcement, the legal thresholds, rights, and consequences differ significantly.

AspectDetentionArrest
Legal StandardReasonable suspicionProbable cause
DurationTemporary, short-termUntil released on bail or by order
Freedom of MovementLimited but not fully restrictedFully restricted
Miranda Rights RequiredNoYes, if being questioned post-arrest
Potential OutcomeInformation gathering or releaseBooking, charges filed, possibility of court

Contact Us for Free Legal Advice

Your Rights When Detained or Arrested in Indiana

Knowing your legal rights can make all the difference during a police interaction. Here’s what you should know:

1. The Right to Remain Silent

  • Whether detained or under arrest, you don’t have to answer questions beyond identifying yourself if requested.
  • Politely state, “I am exercising my right to remain silent,” to avoid misunderstandings.

2. The Right to an Attorney

  • During an arrest, you have the right to consult with an attorney before answering any questions.
  • If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for you.

3. Protection Against Unlawful Searches

  • You have the right to refuse a search unless the officer has a warrant, probable cause, or your consent.
  • During a traffic stop, items in plain view (e.g., drugs on a seat) may be legally inspected.

4. The Right to Know Why You’re Being Stopped or Arrested

  • Officers must inform you of the reason they are detaining or arresting you.

5. Reasonable Use of Force

  • Law enforcement is prohibited from using excessive force during detention or arrests. If you believe excessive force was used, you should document the incident and contact legal counsel immediately.

Common Misconceptions About Detention and Arrest

Several myths about law enforcement interactions can lead to confusion or fear. Here are the realities:

⚠ Detention Does Not Equal Arrest

  • Being stopped or questioned by police doesn’t necessarily mean you’re under arrest.

⚠ Miranda Rights Are Not Always Read

  • Miranda Rights are not required during detentions or at the moment of arrest unless questioning follows. Once the police are ready to question after an arrest, they must read you your Miranda Rights. Just because you are in handcuffs, or even at the jail, does not mean police have to read you your rights—just yet.

⚠ You Have the Right to Remain Silent When Detained

  • Even during a detention, you are not obligated to answer questions beyond your name.

⚠ Police Can Detain Without Bringing Charges

  • A detention doesn’t always lead to an arrest or criminal charges.

What To Do If You Believe Your Rights Were Violated

If you feel that your rights were violated during a detention or arrest in Indiana:

  • Document everything you remember about the incident.
  • Obtain contact information for any witnesses.
  • Contact a qualified attorney to discuss your case and determine any next steps.

Our team at The Law Office of David E. Lewis specializes in protecting your legal rights. Whether you’re concerned about an interaction with law enforcement or want to know more about Indiana detention and arrest laws, we’re here to help.

Conclusion

Detentions and arrests are serious situations that can have a significant impact on your life. It’s important to know your rights and take the necessary steps to protect them if you feel they’ve been violated. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can best navigate these situations and seek justice if needed.

Remember, our team is always here to support and guide you through any legal challenges you may face. We believe in fighting for your rights and ensuring fair treatment under the law for all individuals. Stay informed, stay empowered, and always remember that you have the right to speak up for yourself. 

Don’t hesitate to reach out to a criminal defense lawyer for expert legal advice. Contact Attorney David E. Lewis today for a free consultation with an experienced attorney who can guide you through the legal process confidently.

Call Our Office Now

Related Post: What is the Punishment for Resisting Arrest in Indiana?

Can I Be Arrested Based on an Anonymous Tip?

Posted on by

Imagine this scenario: You’re going about your day when law enforcement unexpectedly approaches you, claiming they have received an anonymous tip about your involvement in a crime. What are your rights in such a situation? Can a tip from someone whose identity isn’t even known to the police lead to an arrest? Understanding the nuances of anonymous tips and their role in law enforcement is crucial to knowing where you stand and how the law protects you.

This blog explores the legal framework surrounding arrests based on anonymous tips in Indianapolis, Indiana, with a particular focus on Fourth Amendment rights, the concept of probable cause, and the critical role of corroboration.

Call 317-636-7514 if You are Looking for an Indianapolis Criminal Defense Law Firm
Call 317-636-7514 if You are Looking for an Indianapolis Criminal Defense Law Firm

Understanding the Fourth Amendment

The Fourth Amendment guarantees your right to privacy and protects you from unreasonable searches and seizures. It’s a fundamental part of the U.S. Constitution, serving as a shield against arbitrary intrusions by the government.

What does this mean in practical terms? It ensures that law enforcement must typically meet a legal standard known as “probable cause” before making an arrest, obtaining a warrant, or conducting a search. Probable cause requires a reasonable belief, based on facts and circumstances, that a crime has been committed.

Simply put, the Fourth Amendment acts as a critical safeguard for individuals, ensuring that law enforcement must rely on solid evidence—not just hunches or unverified information.

How Anonymous Tips Factor Into Probable Cause

Anonymous tips made to law enforcement can play a significant role in investigations. However, a common misconception is that an anonymous tip alone is sufficient to justify an arrest. Legally, this is not the case. Law enforcement must typically corroborate such tips with independent evidence or observations to establish probable cause.

For example, imagine someone anonymously calls the police and claims they saw you possessing illegal drugs. Without additional evidence, such as police observation of actual drug possession or behavior consistent with drug activity, the tip alone is unlikely to meet the threshold for probable cause.

This legal standard is crucial since anonymous tips are, by nature, prone to unreliability. Anonymity can shield tipsters from scrutiny, leaving room for misguided or even malicious false claims.

Why Corroboration is Critical

Corroboration is the process of validating an anonymous tip with independent evidence or observations. It ensures that law enforcement doesn’t rely on unsupported or unverifiable information to infringe upon your rights.

Here’s how corroboration works in practice:

  • Observational Evidence: If an anonymous tip claims someone is engaging in illegal activity, police may follow up by monitoring the person’s behavior. If their actions align with the tip, this corroboration strengthens the case for probable cause.
  • Physical Evidence: Finding evidence, such as contraband or tools related to criminal activity, during an investigation corroborates the original tip.
  • Behavior Observed Post-Tip: If a person reacts suspiciously when approached by law enforcement, it may provide supporting evidence for the anonymous claim.

Indiana courts emphasize the importance of corroboration. Particularly in misdemeanor cases, police are required to undertake reasonable steps to verify the validity of an anonymous tip before taking further action, such as making an arrest.

Contact Our Criminal Lawyers for Guidance

Key Case Law on Anonymous Tips

Several significant court cases in the United States have shaped how law enforcement and the judicial system treat anonymous tips. Below are a few key examples that highlight the complexities of this issue:

Florida v. J.L. (2000)

This landmark case clarified the limitations of anonymous tips. An anonymous caller claimed a young man was carrying a gun. Police located the individual, searched him, and found a firearm. However, the Supreme Court ruled the search unconstitutional, as the anonymous tip lacked sufficient corroboration. This case set a precedent that tips must be reliable and supported by observable evidence to justify police action.

Illinois v. Gates (1983)

This case introduced the “totality of the circumstances” test for determining probable cause. It allowed courts to evaluate multiple factors, such as the reliability of the tipster (if known) and the extent of corroborative evidence, rather than relying on rigid rules.

Navarette v. California (2014)

Here, an anonymous 911 caller reported a specific vehicle driving recklessly. Police pulled the car over based on the description and found drugs. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the search, emphasizing that the tip was credible due to its specificity and immediacy, which reduced the likelihood of fabrication.

What You Should Know About Anonymous Tips in Indianapolis

Indianapolis adheres to federal standards regarding the use of anonymous tips. However, local nuances and court rulings bring additional safeguards into play:

  • Corroboration Requirements: Indiana courts tend to require stronger corroboration for tips related to misdemeanors. For example, suspicion of minor traffic violations may not justify a full search or arrest without additional evidence.
  • Exigent Circumstances: Exceptions can be made in emergencies where immediate action is necessary to prevent harm—for example, threats of violence or ongoing criminal activity.
  • Police Procedures: Indiana law enforcement agencies often have their own internal protocols for handling anonymous tips, which may include steps to verify the information before proceeding with an arrest.

Busting Common Myths

Understanding your legal rights starts with dispelling misconceptions:

▷ Misconception 1: Police can arrest you based on an anonymous tip alone. 
▶ Reality: An uncorroborated tip usually isn’t enough to establish probable cause for an arrest.

▷ Misconception 2: Anonymous tips are always unreliable. 
▶ Reality: While anonymity presents challenges, some tips, especially those with specific and verifiable details, can hold up under legal scrutiny when corroborated.

▷ Misconception 3: The Fourth Amendment protects against all searches and seizures. 
▶ Reality: Exceptions like exigent circumstances allow law enforcement to act on less evidence in emergencies.

Why Consulting a Lawyer is Essential

If you’ve been arrested or investigated based on an anonymous tip, consulting with a criminal defense lawyer is the next best step. Here’s why:

  • Understanding Legal Nuances: An experienced attorney can help determine whether your Fourth Amendment rights were violated.
  • Challenging Evidence: A lawyer will scrutinize the evidence against you, including whether the tip was properly corroborated.
  • Case Strategy: Each case is unique, and a skilled lawyer can craft a strategy tailored to your circumstances, increasing the likelihood of a favorable outcome.

Legal proceedings can be overwhelming, but you don’t have to face them alone. Seeking professional guidance ensures that you’re informed and well-prepared to protect your rights.

Know Your Rights and Protect Yourself

Arrests based on anonymous tips involve complex legal standards designed to balance public safety and individual rights. While anonymous tips can be valuable tools for law enforcement, they must meet strict requirements to ensure they don’t infringe on your constitutional protections.

If you’ve been arrested or are worried about the legality of police actions related to anonymous tips, understanding your rights is crucial. Consulting a criminal defense attorney can provide clarity and help you take the right steps moving forward.

Need Legal Assistance in Central Indiana? Contact Attorney David E. Lewis today for a free consultation and get the guidance you need to secure your future.

Book a Free Case Review

Related Post: What to Do if You Just Found Out About Your Arrest Warrant